Two main types of selection methods are typically encountered: (1) fitness proportionateselection and (2) rank selection. In fitness proportionate selection, the probabilityof a chromosome being selected for reproduction is proportionate to its fitnessvalue (Goldberg, 1989). The most common fitness proportionate selection techniqueis termed roulette wheel selection. Conceptually, each member of the population isallocated a section of an imaginary roulette wheel, with wheel sections proportionalto the individual’s fitness (e.g., the fitter the individual, the larger the section of thewheel it occupies). If the wheel were to be spun, the individual associated with thewinning section will be selected. In rank selection, individuals are sorted by fitnessand the probability that an individual will be selected is proportional to its rank inthe sorter list. Rank selection has a tendency to avoid premature convergence byalleviating selection demands for large fitness differentials that occur in previousgenerations (Mitchell, 1998).
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