Using Financial Statements 5 Kim: Excellent! Let’s organize this information into a projected income state- ment. We start with the sales, then deduct the cost of the items sold to ar- rive at the gross profit. From the gross profit we deduct your operating expenses, giving us the income before taxes. Finally we deduct the income tax expense in order to get the famous “bottom line,” which is the net in- come. Here is the projected income statement shown on my computer screen: Nutrivite Projected Income Statement for the Year Ending December 31, 200X Sales $720,000 Less cost of goods sold 480,000 Gross profit 240,000 Less expenses Salaries $ 40,000 Rent 36,000 Phone and utilities 14,400 Depreciation 3,600 Interest 6,000 100,000 Income before taxes 140,000 Income tax expense (40%) 56,000 Net income $ 84,000 Pat, this looks very good for your first year in a new business. Many business startups find it difficult to earn income in their first year. They do well just to limit their losses and stay in business. Of course, I’ll need to care- fully review all your sales and expense projections with you, in order to make sure that they are realistic. But first, do you have any questions about the projected income statement? Pat: I understand the general idea. But what does “gross profit” mean? Kim: It’s the usual accounting term for sales less the amount that your suppli- ers charged you for the goods that you sold to your customers. In other words, it represents your markup from the wholesale cost you paid for goods and the price for which you sold those goods to your customers. It is called “gross profit” because your operating expenses have to be deducted from it. In accounting, the word gross means “before deductions.” For example “gross sales” means sales before deducting goods returned by customers. Sales after deducting goods returned by customers are referred to as “net sales.” In ac- counting, the word net means “after deductions.” So “gross profit” means in- come before deducting operating expenses. By the same token, “net income” means income after deducting operating expenses and income taxes. Now, moving along, we are ready to figure out your projected balance sheet at the
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