All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the International Development Research Centre. Mention of a proprietary name does not constitute endorsement and is given only for information. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the International Development Research Centre. A microfiche edition is available IDRC Books endeavours to produce environmentally friendly publications. All paper used is recycled as well as recyclable. All inks and coatings are vegetable-based products.ContentsForeword— David B. Brooks (IDRC) viiPreface xiAcknowledgments xv Chapter 1The World: Understanding the Illegal Logging and TimberTrade 1 Deforestation, forest degradation, and the timber industry 1 Changing global trade patterns 4 Illegality and unsustainability: general observations and regional summaries8 Regional summaries 9 National and international regulatory mechanisms 19 Conclusions 33 Chapter 2Brazil: Forest Management at Loggerheads 35 Illegal logging on the government agenda 38 Illegality and unsustainability 38 How concession-management plans have failed 39 The cost structure of logging 40 Making laws and regulations more feasable 40 Planning forest land use 41 Mahogany and CITES 42 Information tools 42 Fines and enforcement costs: a vicious circle 43 East Asian loggers: a new threat 43 Peru and the logging frontier 43 The brazil nut tree: the next logging victim? 43 Chapter 3Cameroon: Blind Ambition and the Domino Effect 45 Background 49 Former (pre-1994) forest legislation in theory and practice 49 New (1994) forest law 51 How national newspapers perceive the problem 52 Types and occurrence of illegal practices 52 Motivations and perspectives of the principal actors 54 Some impacts of illegal logging 55 Recommendations 56 Chapter 4
Ghana: A History of Mismanagement 59 Problems 60 Impacts 61 Managing illegal logging in Ghana 62 Local communities and illegal logging 64 Timber harvesting 65 Government policies 65 Corruption 66 Productivity loss 67 Chapter 5
Paraguay: The Many Faces of Deforestation 71 Working with institutions. 73 The Alto Paraguay case 74 Illegal log trafficking into Brazil 75 Recommendations 76 Chapter 6
The Tropics: Comparing the Countries Studied 79 Contextual factors: similarities and differences among the four countries
80 Local and indigenous communities and illegal logging 85 Specific impacts of illegal logging and timber trade 86 The importance of local NGOs as watchdogs 87 Chapter 7
Conclusions and Recommendations: Arresting the Chase
for Quick Profits 89 Conclusions 89 Recommendations 94 Appendix 1
Resolution on Illegal Timber Trade, Adopted at the 1996
IUCN World Conservation Congress 101 Appendix 2
Friends of the Earth International 103 Appendix 3
Acronyms and Abbreviations 107
Bibliography 109
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