Software architecture is important because it affects the performance, robustness, distributability, and maintainability of a system (Bosch, 2000). As Bosch discusses, individual components implement the functional system requirements. The non- functional requirements depend on the system architecture—the way in which these components are organized and communicate. In many systems, non-functional requirements are also influenced by individual components, but there is no doubt that the architecture of the system is the dominant influence. Bass et al. (2003) discuss three advantages of explicitly designing and document- ing software architecture:1. Stakeholder communication The architecture is a high-level presentation of the sys- tem that may be used as a focus for discussion by a range of different stakeholders.2. System analysis Making the system architecture explicit at an early stage in the system development requires some analysis. Architectural design decisions have a profound effect on whether or not the system can meet critical require- ments such as performance, reliability, and maintainability.3. Large-scale reuse a model of a system architecture is a compact, manageable description of how a system is organized and how the components interoperate. The system architecture is often the same for systems with similar requirements and so can support large-scale software reuse. As I explain in Chapter 16, it may be possible to develop product-line architectures where the same architecture is reused across a range of related systems.
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