SURVEYINGSurveying deals primarily with geometric measurements on the earth’s surface, the computation of derived quantities, e.g. coordinates, areas, etc., and the representation of these numerical data in graphical form, such as in plans or maps. This requires a solid knowledge of instrumentation and measuring procedure, as well as of computation methods and accuracy evaluations.A surveyor is not only charged with providing results derived from his measurements, but also has to give an indication of the quality and reliability of these. This requires a clear understanding of the functional and stochastic relationships between measured quantities and derived results, as well as a solid understanding of the external factors that influence the measurements. These may be global (e.g. curvature of the earth’s surface, in fact the very definition of it, gravity acceleration, changes in earth’s magnetism, atmospheric refraction), regional (e.g. reference surfaces), or local (e.g. propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves in air, weather influences, instrumental and personal errors).He has to be able to select equipment and procedure to meet certain standards and specifications, and be flexible enough to design his own when circumstances require it (e.g. on construction sites or in difficult terrain).Whether maps or plans have to be prepared, boundaries defined and marked, engineering structures laid out and staked, or deformations monitored, it is a surveyor who is called upon to efficiently take measurements and to come up with results that meet the given specifications, thereby serving the society and supporting many professionals who use this information every day.
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