We can speak of the two dispersals, or diasporas, of English. The first diaspora,initially involving the migration of around 25,000 people from the south and east ofEngland primarily to North America and Australia, resulted in new mother tonguevarieties of English. The second diaspora, involving the colonisation of Asia andAfrica, led, on the other hand, to the development of a number of second languagevarieties, often referred to as ‘New Englishes’. This is to some extent a simplificationfor it is not always an easy matter to categorise the world’s Englishes so neatly (seeA3). And, as was noted above, the whole issue has been further complicated since thetwentieth century by the dramatic increase in the use of English first as a foreignlanguage and subsequently as an international lingua franca (respectively EFLand ELF).
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