Studies indicated that listening comprehension consisted of several procedures. First, listenershad to distinguish the sound, stress, intonation and pitch of the language. After they could be awareof the entire information that the speakers said, listeners had to hold the information in their memoryuntil it could be understood. Then, they had to unscramble the information from what they heard andthat was the output or the utilization process (Brown, 1995; Chastanin, 1975). Clark & Clark (1977)concluded that there were three parts in the process of listening comprehension: the perceptual, parsing,and utilization. For the perceptual, listeners received the sounds by a speaker and formed an imagein their short-term memory, and learners transferred quickly to the information in echoic memory toshort-term memory to process the sounds for meaning. The parsing process reorganized the messagesinto a meaningful word that could be stored in short-term memory. Listeners utilized long-termmemory to link the incoming message to their original knowledge. When the new information couldlink with existing knowledge, comprehension occurred
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