Stainless steels do not suffer uniform corrosion when exposed to water environments. On the other hand, they can be susceptible to localised corrosion under certain circumstances which designers and end users need to recognise and avoid. Such attack, if it occurs in water environments, is usually localised as pits or in creviced areas. Design and good fabrication can minimise such corrosion sites but this needs to be combined with correct alloy selection.Pitting and crevice corrosion requires the presence of chlorides and, for a given chloride level, the more highly alloyed stainless steels are more resistant. In general, the higher the chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen contents of the steel, the better the corrosion resistance. While there are other factors that have an effect on corrosion rate in waters, chloride content is a major factor for selection of an appropriate grade and is easily measurable. As crevice corrosion tends to occur at lower chloride levels and temperatures than pitting, it is normally the parameter used to guide selection. The guidelines in Table 4 are based on laboratory tests and service experience over many years.
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