where kc and kd are the thermal conductivities of continuous and dispersed phases, respectively.A three-step modification of the Maxwell-Eucken model was developed for porous foods by Hamdami,Monteau, and Le Bail (2003). In the first step, water was the continuous and ice was the discontinuousphase. In the second step, the solid was the continuous and water-ice was the discontinuousphase. In the third step, solid-water-ice was the continuous and air the discontinuous phase.Carson, Lovatt, Tanner, and Cleland (2005) recommended a modified version of the MaxwellEuckenmodel. They proposed that porous materials should be divided into two types according toporosity (external or internal porosity) because the mechanism of heat conduction in these two typesdiffers.
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