In this scenario, the operating system has full reign over all the resources in the server hardware, including:• RAM• Processor time• Storage devices • Network interfacesNow, this is how we have typically installed operating systems in the past. However, this deployment model is very inefficient. Generally speaking, the operating system doesn’t fully utilize all of these resources all of the time, especially on server systems. In fact, much of the time your computing resources are woefully underutilized. This means computing capacity is available but remains unused and is therefore wasted.For example, suppose you have three servers, each installed on their own physical hardware. The CPU utilization on each system usually hovers around 8–9 percent with occasional spikes up to 50 percent. The system RAM, storage, and network devices are utilized in the same manner. You don’t actually need this much processing power in this scenario. About 90 percent of each server ’s capacity goes unused most of the time.Virtualization offers an alternative deployment model. Virtualization pools multiple operating system instances onto the same physical hardware and allows them to run concurrently. To do this, virtualization uses a mediator called a hypervisor to manage access to system resources.Each operating system instance is installed into a virtual machine instead of onto physical hardware. Each virtual machine is allocated CPU time, an area of RAM to work in, a storage device, and its own virtual network interface. Each virtual machine appears and functions just like a physical host. The relationship between the virtual machines, hypervisor, and physical hardware is depicted in Figure 1-5.
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