commitmentEmpirical evidence has been produced whose demographic variables such asyears in organisation, age, level of education and the duration of leadership(Chen and Francesco, 2000; Mathieu and Zajac, 1990; Salancik, 1977) can havesignificant impact on organisational commitment. Sommeret al.(1996) revealedthat position, tenure and age were significantly related to employeecommitment for Korean subjects. In particular, those with higher positionswho had been in the same job longer and who were older, had a greater level ofcommitment. These results were consistent with the western results. Incontrast to the earlier findings with western samples, no relationship wasfound between organisational commitment and level of education (Sommeret al., 1996). Sommeret al.(1996) concluded that the differences could be due tothe influence of cultural values. Sommeret al.(1996) suggested that, because ofKorean practice linking education level and institution with organisational andoccupational selection, there were no unmet expectations with respect torewards as there might be in the west, thus eliminating the relationshipbetween education and employee commitment. Chen and Francesco (2000)sampled 333 employees in the People’s Republic of China and concluded thatposition is positively correlated with employee commitment while all otherdemographic variables, including age and tenure, are not. With reference to thepractice of Confucian philosophy, issues such as authority, respect for the elder,loyalty (Cheng, 1995), the value of education (Knight and Shi, 1996), conformityand guanxi (obligation based relationships with the boss, colleagues andfriends) are different between the east and west (Chen, 2001; El Kahal, 2001). Itis anticipated that length of employment in the organisation, age, educationalThe effect oforganisationalculture325
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