EtiologyOf all hypertensive patients, more than 90% have primary or essential hypertension; the remainder have secondary hypertension due to causes such as renal parenchymal disease, renovascular disease, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, primary hyperaldosteronism, coarctation of the aorta, obstructive sleep apnea, and uncommon autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive diseases of the adrenal–renal axis that result in salt retention.Risk FactorsBP rises with age. Other contributing factors include overweight/obesity, increased dietary sodium intake, decreased physical activity, increased alcohol consumption, and lower dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, and potassium.PreventionPrevention should be focused on risk factor modification. Strategies must address cultural and social barriers related to health care delivery and behavioral modification.
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