2.3 Cadastres in the UKStrictly spe

2.3 Cadastres in the UK
Strictly speaking, it is not correct to say that the UK does not have a cadastre. Rather what it
has are two types of cadastre that fulfil very specific functions. What the UK does not have is
a general cadastre. The two types of cadastre are those for agricultural land and for real estate taxes. These have been created to enable the government to fulfil specific functions.

2.3.1 The Rural Land Register
The Rural Land Register has been created in order to implement the changes made in the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy made between 2003 and 2005. This has seen the EU move from a system of agricultural subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices to farmers for particular products to one in which subsidies are paid according to the agricultural land occupied (FAO 2006). The aim was to bring an end to the system by which farmers were paid to produce products that were surplus to requirements whilst still providing subsidies to support rural areas. The change has required modifications to the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) used to ensure that correct payments are made to farmers and that there is traceability of payments. In order to make the payments, Member States had to create and maintain a database of agricultural land parcels with their sizes and geo-references, which is linked to records of farmers and their aid applications. Each parcel in the Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA) has to be correctly identified and measured and records kept of the persons who are permitted to make claims. Checks on claims are needed to ensure that the land is part of the UAA and that multiple claims are not made for any parcel. As land can be transferred between farmers, removed from agricultural production, or parcels can be joined together or divided, the register has to be capable of being updated. The EU has set tolerances for the accuracy of measurement of 5% or 1.5 metres to the perimeter, with a maximum tolerance of for each parcel of one hectare.

The introduction of the new system resulted in significant problems in England (though not
the rest of the UK), with serious delays in making payments to farmers (NAO 2006). Partly
this was because England chose the most complex option for payments to farmers, but
problems were also encountered with inaccurate maps and the time it took to resolve these.
The Rural Payments Agency, responsible for operating the system, is an executive agency of
government. The problems proved to be so serious that the management was disciplined. In
other words in classic New Public Management style, the managers had the powers to
achieve the task devolved to them and were incentivised to achieve them, in this case, by
being disciplined for failure rather than rewarded for success. The cost of establishing the
Rural Land Register for England was £16.1 million compared with an estimate of £6.8
million, which included £9.8 million being spent on mapping applicants’ land. One
significant aspect of the Rural Land Register is that agricultural land is exempt from annual
real estate taxes. There is therefore no fiscal cadastre for agricultural land.

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

2.3 cadastres tại Vương Quốc AnhNói đúng ra, nó không phải là đúng khi nói rằng anh không có một đai. Thay vào đó là những gì nócó hai loại đai thực hiện các chức năng rất cụ thể. Anh không có gì làđai chung. Hai loại đai là những đối với đất nông nghiệp và cho bất động sản thuế. Này đã được tạo ra để cho phép chính phủ để thực hiện chức năng cụ thể.2.3.1 các đăng ký đất đai vùng nông thônThe Rural Land Register has been created in order to implement the changes made in the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy made between 2003 and 2005. This has seen the EU move from a system of agricultural subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices to farmers for particular products to one in which subsidies are paid according to the agricultural land occupied (FAO 2006). The aim was to bring an end to the system by which farmers were paid to produce products that were surplus to requirements whilst still providing subsidies to support rural areas. The change has required modifications to the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) used to ensure that correct payments are made to farmers and that there is traceability of payments. In order to make the payments, Member States had to create and maintain a database of agricultural land parcels with their sizes and geo-references, which is linked to records of farmers and their aid applications. Each parcel in the Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA) has to be correctly identified and measured and records kept of the persons who are permitted to make claims. Checks on claims are needed to ensure that the land is part of the UAA and that multiple claims are not made for any parcel. As land can be transferred between farmers, removed from agricultural production, or parcels can be joined together or divided, the register has to be capable of being updated. The EU has set tolerances for the accuracy of measurement of 5% or 1.5 metres to the perimeter, with a maximum tolerance of for each parcel of one hectare.The introduction of the new system resulted in significant problems in England (though notthe rest of the UK), with serious delays in making payments to farmers (NAO 2006). Partlythis was because England chose the most complex option for payments to farmers, butproblems were also encountered with inaccurate maps and the time it took to resolve these.The Rural Payments Agency, responsible for operating the system, is an executive agency ofgovernment. The problems proved to be so serious that the management was disciplined. Inother words in classic New Public Management style, the managers had the powers toachieve the task devolved to them and were incentivised to achieve them, in this case, bybeing disciplined for failure rather than rewarded for success. The cost of establishing theRural Land Register for England was £16.1 million compared with an estimate of £6.8million, which included £9.8 million being spent on mapping applicants’ land. Onesignificant aspect of the Rural Land Register is that agricultural land is exempt from annualreal estate taxes. There is therefore no fiscal cadastre for agricultural land.