Read the following passage and mark

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Millions of people in the United States are affected by eating disorders. More than 90% of those afflicted are adolescents or young adult women. Although all eating disorders share some common manifestations, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating each have distinctive symptoms and risks.

People who intentionally starve themselves (even while experiencing severe hunger pains) suffer from anorexia nervosa. The disorder, which usually begins around the time of puberty, involves extreme weight loss to at least 15% below the individual’s normal body weight. Many people with the disorder look emaciated but are convinced they are overweight. In patients with anorexia nervosa, starvation can damage vital organs such as the heart and brain. To protect itself, the body shifts into slow gear: Menstrual periods stop, blood pressure rates drop, and thyroid function slows. Excessive thirst and frequent urination may occur. Dehydration contributes to constipation, and reduced body fat leads to lowered body temperature and the inability to withstand cold. Mild anemia, swollen joints, reduced muscle mass, and light-headedness also commonly occur in anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa sufferers can exhibit sudden angry outbursts or become socially withdrawn. One in ten cases of anorexia nervosa leads to death from starvation, cardiac arrest, other medical complications, or suicide. Clinical depression and anxiety place many individuals with eating disorders at risk for suicidal behavior.

People with bulimia nervosa consume large amounts of food and then rid their bodies of the excess calories by vomiting, abusing laxatives or diuretics, taking enemas, or exercising obsessively. Some use a combination of all these forms of purging. Individuals with bulimia who use drugs to stimulate vomiting, bowel movements, or urination may be in considerable danger, as this practice increases the risk of heart failure. Dieting heavily between episodes of binging and purging is common.

Because many individuals with bulimia binge and purge in secret and maintain normal or above normal body weight, they can often successfully hide their problem for years. But bulimia nervosa patients—even those of normal weight— can severely damage their bodies by frequent binge eating and purging. In rare instances, binge eating causes the stomach to rupture; purging may result in heart failure due to loss of vital minerals such as potassium. Vomiting can cause the esophagus to become inflamed and glands near the cheeks to become swollen. As in anorexia nervosa, bulimia may lead to irregular menstrual periods. Psychological effects include compulsive stealing as well as possible indications of obsessive-compulsive disorder, an illness characterized by repetitive thoughts and behaviors. Obsessive-compulsive disorder can also accompany anorexia nervosa. As with anorexia nervosa, bulimia typically begins during adolescence. Eventually, half of those with anorexia nervosa will develop bulimia. The condition occurs most often in women but is also found in men.

Binge-eating disorder is found in about 2% of the general population. As many as one-third of this group are men. It also affects older women, though with less frequency. Recent research shows that binge-eating disorder occurs in about 30% of people participating in medically supervised weight-control programs. This disorder differs from bulimia because its sufferers do not purge. Individuals with binge-eating disorder feel that they lose control of themselves when eating. They eat large quantities of food and do not stop until they are uncomfortably full. Most sufferers are overweight or obese and have a history of weight fluctuations. As a result, they are prone to the serious medical problems associated with obesity, such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Obese individuals also have a higher risk for gallbladder disease, heart disease, and some types of cancer. Usually they have more difficulty losing weight and keeping it off than do people with other serious weight problems. Like anorexic and bulimic sufferers who exhibit psychological problems, individuals with binge-eating disorder have high rates of simultaneously occurring psychiatric illnesses, especially depression.

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

Đọc các đoạn văn sau đây và đánh dấu các chữ cái A, B, C, hoặc D để chỉ ra câu trả lời đúng cho mỗi câu hỏi. Hàng triệu người ở Hoa Kỳ bị ảnh hưởng bởi rối loạn ăn uống. Hơn 90% của những người bị ảnh hưởng là thanh thiếu niên hoặc phụ nữ dành cho người lớn trẻ. Mặc dù tất cả các rối loạn ăn uống chia sẻ một số biểu hiện phổ biến, chán ăn tâm thần, tâm thần ăn vô độ và chè chén say sưa ăn uống mỗi có triệu chứng đặc biệt và rủi ro. Những người cố tình đói mình (ngay cả khi gặp nạn đói nghiêm trọng đau) đau khổ từ chán ăn tâm thần. Rối loạn thường bắt đầu khoảng thời gian của tuổi dậy thì, liên quan đến việc giảm cân cực để ít nhất là 15% dưới trọng lượng cơ thể bình thường của cá nhân. Nhiều người có rối loạn nhìn gò nhưng được thuyết phục họ là thừa cân. Ở những bệnh nhân với chán ăn tâm thần, đói có thể làm hỏng các cơ quan quan trọng như các trung tâm và não. Để bảo vệ bản thân, cơ thể thay đổi vào chậm bánh: thời kỳ kinh nguyệt ngừng, huyết áp tỷ giá thả, và chức năng tuyến giáp làm chậm. Quá nhiều khát và đi tiểu thường xuyên có thể xảy ra. Mất nước đóng góp để táo bón, và chất béo giảm cơ thể dẫn đến giảm thân nhiệt và không có khả năng chịu được lạnh. Thiếu máu nhẹ, sưng khớp, khối lượng giảm cơ và light-headedness cũng thường xảy ra ở chán ăn tâm thần. Người bị chán ăn tâm thần có thể triển lãm outbursts tức giận đột ngột hoặc trở nên xã hội bị thu hồi. Một trong mười trường hợp của chán ăn tâm thần dẫn đến tử vong từ đói, ngừng tim, các biến chứng y tế, hoặc tự tử. Lâm sàng trầm cảm và lo âu nơi nhiều cá nhân với rối loạn ăn uống nguy cơ cho hành vi tự tử. Những người bị bulimia thần tiêu thụ một lượng lớn thực phẩm và sau đó loại bỏ các cơ quan của lượng calo dư thừa của nôn mửa, lạm dụng thuốc nhuận tràng hoặc thuốc lợi tiểu, enemas tham gia, hoặc tập thể dục ám ảnh. Một số sử dụng một sự kết hợp của tất cả các hình thức của purging. Cá nhân với bulimia người sử dụng ma túy để kích thích nôn mửa, phong trào ruột, hoặc đi tiểu có thể đáng kể nguy cơ, như thực hành này làm tăng nguy cơ suy tim. Ăn kiêng rất nhiều giữa các tập phim của binging và purging là phổ biến. Because many individuals with bulimia binge and purge in secret and maintain normal or above normal body weight, they can often successfully hide their problem for years. But bulimia nervosa patients—even those of normal weight— can severely damage their bodies by frequent binge eating and purging. In rare instances, binge eating causes the stomach to rupture; purging may result in heart failure due to loss of vital minerals such as potassium. Vomiting can cause the esophagus to become inflamed and glands near the cheeks to become swollen. As in anorexia nervosa, bulimia may lead to irregular menstrual periods. Psychological effects include compulsive stealing as well as possible indications of obsessive-compulsive disorder, an illness characterized by repetitive thoughts and behaviors. Obsessive-compulsive disorder can also accompany anorexia nervosa. As with anorexia nervosa, bulimia typically begins during adolescence. Eventually, half of those with anorexia nervosa will develop bulimia. The condition occurs most often in women but is also found in men. Binge-eating disorder is found in about 2% of the general population. As many as one-third of this group are men. It also affects older women, though with less frequency. Recent research shows that binge-eating disorder occurs in about 30% of people participating in medically supervised weight-control programs. This disorder differs from bulimia because its sufferers do not purge. Individuals with binge-eating disorder feel that they lose control of themselves when eating. They eat large quantities of food and do not stop until they are uncomfortably full. Most sufferers are overweight or obese and have a history of weight fluctuations. As a result, they are prone to the serious medical problems associated with obesity, such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Obese individuals also have a higher risk for gallbladder disease, heart disease, and some types of cancer. Usually they have more difficulty losing weight and keeping it off than do people with other serious weight problems. Like anorexic and bulimic sufferers who exhibit psychological problems, individuals with binge-eating disorder have high rates of simultaneously occurring psychiatric illnesses, especially depression.