A concern of the widespread use of phenolic compounds is theestrogenic activity these compounds may display, which impacts thehormone balance and may result in breast cancer in women. In order toinvestigate this, Miller et al. (2001) used recombinant yeast in an estrogenassay to assess the activity of 73 phenolic additives in sunscreens,preservatives, perfumes, disinfectants, antioxidants and flavorings. Thirtytwocompounds were shown to have activity in this assay. Twenty-twoexhibited potencies relative to 17b-estradiol that ranged from 1/3,000 to1/3,000,000. Forty-one compounds were inactive. The major criteria forestrogenic activity were the presence of an unimpeded phenolic OH group ina para-position and a molecular weight of 140-250 amu.
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