Discovering Computers 2012 Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World
2. Objectives Overview Discuss the special Describe and list general Identify information information purpose and integrated systems and software requirements of an information systems used in the functional enterprise-sized used throughout an units of an enterprise corporation enterprise Describe and list types of Describe virtualization, technologies used cloud computing, and throughout an enterprise grid computingSee Page 719 2for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
3. Objectives Overview Discuss the Discuss high computer hardware availability, needs and solutions scalability, and for an enterprise interoperability Determine why Discuss the steps in computer backup is a disaster recovery important and how plan it is accomplishedSee Page 719 3for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
4. What Is Enterprise Computing?• Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks, such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols, and network architecturesPages 720 – 721 4 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-1
5. What Is Enterprise Computing?• Types of enterprises include: Retail Manufacturing Service Wholesale Government Educational TransportationPage 722 5 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
6. What Is Enterprise Computing?• Most traditional enterprises are organized in a hierarchical mannerPages 722 – 723 6 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-2
7. What Is Enterprise Computing?• In an enterprise, users typically fall into one of four categories: Executive Management Middle Management Operational Management Nonmanagement EmployeesPage 724 7 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-3
8. What Is Enterprise Computing?• Enterprise information is the information gathered in the ongoing operations of an enterprise-sized organization – Business intelligence – Business process management – Business process automationPages 725 - 726 8 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
9. What Is Enterprise Computing?• Managers coordinate resources by performing four activities Planning Controlling Organizing LeadingPage 725 9 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-4
10. Information Systems in the Enterprise• An information system is a set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce informationPage 726 10 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-5
11. Information Systems in the Enterprise• Functional units within an enterprise might include: Marketing Manufacturing Sales Engineering or Product Distribution Development Human Customer Resources Service Accounting Information and Finance Enterprise TechnologyPage 727 11 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
12. Information Systems in the Enterprise• Accounting software manages everyday transactions• Billing software helps the company reconcile purchases with customer payments• Financial software helps managers budget, forecast, and analyzePages 726 – 728 12 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-7
13. Information Systems in the Enterprise • A human resources information system (HRIS) manages one or more human resources functions • Employee relationship management systems manage communication between employees and the businessPage 728 13 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-8
14. Information Systems in the Enterprise• Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and special software to aid in engineering, drafting, and design• Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to test product designsPages 728 – 729 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-9
15. Information Systems in the Enterprise • Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computers to control production equipment • Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to integrate the many different operations of the manufacturing processPage 729 15 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-10
16. Information Systems in the Enterprise Material Requirements Planning (MRP) uses software to help monitor and control processes related to production Manufacturing Resource Planning II (MRP II) is an extension of MRP and also includes software that helps in schedulingPages 729 - 730 16 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
17. Information Systems in the Enterprise A quality control system helps an organization maintain or improve the quality of its products or services A marketing information system serves as a central repository for the tasks of a marketing departmentPage 730 17 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
18. Information Systems in the Enterprise• Sales force automation (SFA) software equips traveling salespeople with the electronic tools they need to be more productivePages 730 – 731 18 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-12
19. Information Systems in the Enterprise• Distribution systems perform the following functions: Provide forecasting Manage and track for inventory shipping of control products Provide information and analysis on inventory in a warehousePage 731 19 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
20. Information Systems in the Enterprise• Customer interaction management (CIM) software manages the day-to-day interactions with customersPage 731 20 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-13
21. Information Systems in the Enterprise• The information technology (IT) department makes technology decisions for the enterprise – Whether to build or buy new information systems – When a computer or information system has outlived its useful life• Web site management programs collect data designed to help organizations make informed decisions regarding their Web presencePage 732 21 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
22. Information Systems in the Enterprise• General purpose information systems generally fall into one of five categories Office Transaction Management Information Processing Information System System System Decision Support Expert System SystemPage 732 22 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
23. Information Systems in the Enterprise• Batch processing vs. online transaction processingPage 733 23 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-14
24. Information Systems in the Enterprise Management Information System Decision Support SystemPages 734 – 735 24 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figures 14-15 – 14-16
25. Information Systems in the EnterprisePage 736 25 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-17
26. Information Systems in the Enterprise Integrated Information SystemsCustomer relationship Enterprise resourcemanagement manages Content management planning provides information about systems are centralized, integrated customers, information systems software to help interactions with that combine manage and customers, past databases, software, coordinate ongoing purchases, and and procedures activities interestsPages 737 - 739 26 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
27. Information Systems in the EnterprisePage 738 27 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-18
28. Information Systems in the EnterprisePage 739 28 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-19
29. Enterprise-Wide Technologies andMethodologies• Some technologies used in enterprises include: Electronic Data Portals data warehouses interchange Document Extranets Web services management systems Virtual Workflow private networksPage 740 29 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
30. Enterprise-Wide Technologies andMethodologies• A portal is a collection of links, content, and services presented on a Web page that are interesting for a particular job functionPages 740 – 741 30 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-20
31. Enterprise-Wide Technologies andMethodologies• A data warehouse is a huge database that stores and manages the data required to analyze historical and current transactionsPage 741 31 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-21
32. Enterprise-Wide Technologies andMethodologies EDI is a set of standards that controls the transfer of business data and information among computers both within and among enterprises An extranet is the portion of a company’s network that allows customers or suppliers of a company to access parts of an enterprise’s intranetPage 742 32 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
33. Enterprise-Wide Technologies andMethodologies• Web services allow businesses to create products and B2B interactions over the InternetPages 742 – 743 33 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-22
34. Enterprise-Wide Technologies andMethodologies• In a service-oriented architecture, information systems provide services to other information systems in a well-defined manner over a network• A document management system (DMS) allows for storage and management of a company’s documents – Stored in a repositoryPage 743 34 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
35. Enterprise-Wide Technologies andMethodologies• A workflow is a defined process that identifies the specific set of steps involved in completing a particular project or business process – Workflow applicationPage 744 35 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-23
36. Enterprise-Wide Technologies andMethodologies• A virtual private network (VPN) provides mobile users, vendors, and customers with a secure connection to the company network serverPages 744 – 745 36 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14Figure 14-24
37. Virtualization and Cloud Computing• Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing resources • Provides the capability to divide a Server physical server logically into many virtualization virtual servers • Provides the capability to create a Storage single logical storage device from virtualization many physical storage devicesPages 745 - 746 37 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
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