Vesselgroupingisaformofnon-randomdi

Vesselgroupingisaformofnon-randomdistributionthatbecomesfunctionallyvaluablewhenthe
backgroundconsistsofnon-conductiveimperforatetrachearyelements(fiber-tracheidsandlibriform
fibers);ungroupedvessels,randomlyplaced,oftenoccurinanall-tracheidbackground.Typesofvessel
groupingaredescribedandillustrated:diagonal,tangential,radial,medianradialbands,andgrowthrings.
Othernon-randomdistributionsconsideredincludedegreesandkindsofcableconstruction,patchyvessel
distributions,vesseldisplacementrelatedtosucculence,andpatterns involvingsuccessivecambia.Non-
randomvesseldistributionsinevitablyinvolvenon-randomplacementof imperforatetrachearyelements,
sothataparallelsetofmechanicaladaptationsisoftensimultaneouslyachieved.Correlationsbetween
varioustypesofnon-randomvesselpatternsandpossiblephysiologicalfactorsarehypothesized.Most
correlationsinvolveenhancedconductivesafety,butvesseldistributionrelatedtowaterandphotosynthate
storage,resistancetotorsion,andincreasedlongevityofxylemarecited.Non-randomnessofvesselsisa
sourceofdiversityinwoodstructurethatcanbeachievedreadily(asgrowthringsshow)and
polyphyletically.Thesemodificationsoffernumerouswaysinwhichwood histologycanberepatternedfor
probableadaptationsinconductivephysiology,mechanicalstrength,andstoragecapability,perhapsby
meansofregulatorygenes.Groupingofvesselsintovascularbundlesinprimaryxylemofstemsandleaves
indicotsisaformofnon-randomness,andthesignificanceofvascularbundles(asopposedtosteles)as
adaptiveformsoforganizationisconsideredbriefly.Monocotsdifferfromdicotsinrarelyhavingdivision
oflaborintrachearyelementswithinanorgan,butmonocotsexhibittradeoffsinwhichconductive
efficiency(vesselpresenceinanorgan)andconductivesafety(tracheidsbutnovesselsinanorgan)canbe
achievedwithinasingleplant.

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Vesselgroupingisaformofnon-randomdistributionthatbecomesfunctionallyvaluablewhenthebackgroundconsistsofnon-conductiveimperforatetrachearyelements(fiber-tracheidsandlibriformsợi); ungroupedvessels, randomlyplaced, oftenoccurinanall-tracheidbackground. Typesofvesselgroupingaredescribedandillustrated:Diagonal, tiếp tuyến, xuyên tâm, medianradialbands, andgrowthrings.Othernon-randomdistributionsconsideredincludedegreesandkindsofcableconstruction, patchyvesselphân phối, vesseldisplacementrelatedtosucculence, andpatterns involvingsuccessivecambia. Khôngrandomvesseldistributionsinevitablyinvolvenon-randomplacementof imperforatetrachearyelements,sothataparallelsetofmechanicaladaptationsisoftensimultaneouslyachieved. Correlationsbetweenvarioustypesofnon-randomvesselpatternsandpossiblephysiologicalfactorsarehypothesized. Hầu hếtcorrelationsinvolveenhancedconductivesafety, butvesseldistributionrelatedtowaterandphotosynthatelưu trữ, resistancetotorsion, andincreasedlongevityofxylemarecited. Phòng Không-randomnessofvesselsisasourceofdiversityinwoodstructurethatcanbeachievedreadily (asgrowthringsshow) vàpolyphyletically. Thesemodificationsoffernumerouswaysinwhichwood histologycanberepatternedforprobableadaptationsinconductivephysiology, mechanicalstrength, andstoragecapability, perhapsbymeansofregulatorygenes. Groupingofvesselsintovascularbundlesinprimaryxylemofstemsandleavesindicotsisaformofnon-ngẫu nhiên, andthesignificanceofvascularbundles (asopposedtosteles) nhưadaptiveformsoforganizationisconsideredbriefly. Monocotsdifferfromdicotsinrarelyhavingdivisionoflaborintrachearyelementswithinanorgan, butmonocotsexhibittradeoffsinwhichconductivehiệu quả (vesselpresenceinanorgan) andconductivesafety (tracheidsbutnovesselsinanorgan) canbeachievedwithinasingleplant.

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