The mode of regulation of b-oxidation ensures that lipid synthesis and degradation are mutually exclusive. The activity of carnitine acyltransferase is inhibited by malonyl-CoA, produced by ACC during fatty-acid biosynthesis. The two isoforms of ACC – ACACA and ACACB – differ in theirability to be activated by citrate [31], and ACACB is thought to be the main isoform responsible for inhibiting b-oxidation. ACC is also a target for the 5¢ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a heterotrimeric protein kinase that is activated in response to low energy levels and inhibits energy-consuming processes while promoting energy production [32].
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