An important source of spent acids containing inorganic impurities is the inorganic chemicals industry, especially the TiO2 pigment industry, which generates spent acid of a relatively uniform quality containing ca. 20 – 23 % H2SO4 and 7 – 15 % metal sulfates. Similar in quality is the spent acid obtained from pickling operations in the metallurgical industry. Another source of waste acid is the gas- cleaning section of a roasting or other “metallurgical” acid plant.A typical analysis of spent acid obtained from TiO2-pigment manufacture is as follows:
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