4. COMPARISON OF GUIDELINES, RATING SYSTEMS, AND ASSESSMENT TOOLS BY CATEGORY This section contains a comparison of the selected sustainable building guidelines, assessment tools, and rating systems. The organization of this section follows the attributes that were researched as part of the survey. A detailed description of the attributes for each system appears in the Appendix.The attributes addressed in this section are • Approach • Format/system type • Intended application and scope • History and evolution • Market context • Topics addressed (such as site, water, energy, materials, IEQ) • Program funding • Market penetration (number of houses) • Type of indicators (performance versus prescriptive) • Certification method or other enforcement • Documentation • Post occupancy monitoring • Successful features and outcomes • Unsuccessful features and outcomes • Innovations • Education component Approach Researchers developing sustainable building assessments, guidelines, and rating tools increasingly ask whether typical performance benchmarks can lead to truly sustainable buildings. The concern is that typicalperformance benchmarks focus on being “less bad” by minimizing pollution or other building impacts, rather than establishing a level of performance that is truly sustainable into the future. A performance benchmark that establishes a goal of 40% energy reduction compared to current code by the year 2020 is an example of the “less bad” approach. Typically, such benchmarks are tied to incremental improvements over time. One term used to describe this process is the “bottom up” approach because industry starts with the worst-performing buildings and attempts to incrementally improve their performance. This approach can be problematic because the efficiencies of existing systems can only be pushed so far.
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