3.2. đường hẻm núi mô hìnhConcentration levels within the street canyons are calculated with the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) (Berkowicz, 1998, 2000a). The calculation points are chosen so as to be repre- sentative of locations in front of the buildings at user-specified heights. The OSPM requires information about street geometry (e.g. street orientation, street width, building height in wind sectors), hourly traffic emissions, meteorological parameters and urban background concentrations. The model computes pollution levels as the sum of the direct contribution from traffic and the contri- bution from the wind-generated recirculation of air pollution inside the street environment. The direct contribution is described by a plume dispersion model and the recirculation contribution by a box model that takes into account the exchange with the urban background air. The influence of traffic induced turbulence is taken into account and it is especially important for low wind speeds. Traffic induced turbulence depends on vehicle density in the street, horizontal area occupied by vehicles and vehicle speed. The potential influence of atmospheric stability is neglected in the OSPM model as it does not have major influence on concentrations in street canyons. The model also includes simple photochemistry involving NO, NO2 and O3 for estimation of NO2 concentrations. The model has been successfully tested against monitor stations in Denmark, in other European countries and in some countries in Asia (Fu et al., 2000; Berkowicz et al., 2002; Ziv et al., 2002; Kukkonen et al., 2003; Aquilina and Micallef, 2004; Mensink et al., 2006; Vardoulakis et al., 2007; Berkowicz et al., 2008). For each street location the corresponding UBM modeled time-series were used as urban background input for the OSPM model together with the meteorological data described above.
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