calculated by counting pig days with a diarrhea score of 3 or greater. The alertness score of each pig was as- sessed visually with a score from 1 to 3 (1 = normal, 2 = slightly depressed or listless, and 3 = severely depressed or recumbent). Every pig was alert throughout the ex- periment and was given an alertness score of 1 (normal) each day, thus the data are not reported.After inoculation, fecal samples were collected from the rectum of each pig using a fecal loop or cotton swab on d 0, 3, 5, 8, and 11 PI and kept on ice to test for β-hemolytic and total coliforms. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each pig with and with- out EDTA to yield whole blood and serum, respectively, before E. coli challenge (d 0) and on d 5 and 11 PI. Whole blood samples were used to measure the total and differ- ential white blood cell (WBC) counts, and cytokines and acute phase proteins were measured in the sera. Pigs and feeders were weighed on the day of weaning (d -4), the first inoculation day (d 0), and d 5 and 11 PI.
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