Fig. 1 A pie chart showing the relative contribution (in %) of the major sources of environmental Cd [Adapted from Van Assche and Ciarletta (1993)]Table 1 Signs and symptoms of acute Cd toxicity (after as little as 10 mg)Acute Cd poisoning from oral ingestion can present withIncreased salivation Choking or vomiting Abdominal painVertigo and loss of consciousnessPainful spasm of the anal sphincterAcute Cd poisoning from exposure by inhalation(which may cause a sweet or metallic taste)can present withA dry throat or coughHeadache and flu-like symptoms, including feverChoking and vomitingChest painsAcute pulmonary edema (often fatal) Asthma-like bronchospasm PneumonitisMuscle weakness Leg pains severe chemical pneumonitis with pulmonary edema and death (see Table 1) (Yates and Goldman 1990). A Parkinsonism-like neurological disorder has also been reported as a late effect of acute toxicity (Okuda et al. 1997). On the other hand Cd ingestion may be accidental, or sometimes even intentional, but can also occur from heavily contaminated dust exposure: it causes desquamation of the intestinal mucosa,
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