Land is normally defined as a physical entity in terms of its topography and spatial nature; a broaderintegrative view also includes natural resources: the soils, minerals, water and biota that the landcomprises. These components are organized in ecosystems which provide a variety of servicesessential to the maintenance of the integrity of life-support systems and the productive capacity of theenvironment. Land resources are used in ways that take advantage of all these characteristics. Land isa finite resource, while the natural resources it supports can vary over time and according tomanagement conditions and uses. Expanding human requirements and economic activities areplacing ever increasing pressures on land resources, creating competition and conflicts and resultingin suboptimal use of both land and land resources. If, in the future, human requirements are to be metin a sustainable manner, it is now essential to resolve these conflicts and move towards moreeffective and efficient use of land and its natural resources. Integrated physical and land-use planningand management is an eminently practical way to achieve this. By examining all uses of land in anintegrated manner, it makes it possible to minimize conflicts, to make the most efficient trade-offsand to link social and economic development with environmental protection and enhancement, thushelping to achieve the objectives of sustainable development. The essence of the integrated approachfinds expression in the coordination of the sectoral planning and management activities concernedwith the various aspects of land use and land resources.
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