The graphical representation of the variations of an alternating current plotted as a function of time is called the waveform of that current. Generally the period is represented by T and measured in seconds. The reciprocal of this value T is called frequency and is defined as the number of periods occurring in the unit of time. We often express frequency in hertz or cycles per second, a cycle being that complete series of changes taking place in one period of a periodically varying quantity.The choice of the frequency value of a power system is both a technical and economic consideration. With the building of large transmission system, it has been neccessary to standardize frequencies. In Europe afrequency of 50 hertz has been widely adopted whereas in most of America 60 hertz is used.
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