The term from scratch, meaning “starting with nothing,” comes from 19th century sportsterminology. Before roads (and running tracks) were paved, races had to be held on openground. In many cases, the starting line was a scratch in the sand. A runner who had noadvantage or handicap had to start from that line, that is, “from [the] scratch.” The term scratch has a different sporting connotation nowadays. A “scratch golfer” isone whose golfi ng handicap is zero.
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