Keeping in view time and resource constraints, four cases were selected to enable a broadoverview of the issues, yet allow their in-depth examination. To identify cases, academicliterature, press reports and leading shipping journals were consulted. However, because mostarticles pertain to European or American ports, the selection of cases presented considerablechallenge since the study was conceptualised as having a global character. Following Bryman &Bell‘s (2007, p. 68) suggestion, this research is not restricted to high-profile ‗success stories‘alone. For instance, although the award-winning port of Long Beach (USA) was studied, thisresearch also involved ports that ‗have made significant moves‘ (e.g. South Africa) towards SD.Thus, the following ports were selected:1. Port Authority of Long Beach, USA;2. Port Authority of Rotterdam, The Netherlands;3. Sydney Ports Corporation, Australia; and4. Transnet National Port Authority that manages South African ports.
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