What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ?Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder of the neurodevelopmental type. It characterized by problems paying attention, excessive activity, or difficulty controlling behavior which is not appropriate for a person's age. These symptoms begin by age six to twelve, are present for more than six months, and cause problems in at least two settings (such as school, home, or recreational activities).In children, problems paying attention may result in poor school performance.Although it causes impairment, particularly in modern society, many children have a good attention span for tasks they find interesting.CauseNo one knows for sure. ADHD probably stems from interactions between genes and environmental or non-genetic factors.ADHD often runs in families. Researchers have found that much of the risk of having ADHD has to do with genes. Many genes are linked to ADHD, and each gene plays a small role in the disorder. ADHD is very complex and a genetic test for diagnosing the disorder is not yet available.Among the non-genetic factors that may increase a child’s risk for developing ADHD are:• Smoking or drinking during pregnancy• Birth complications or very low birth weight• Exposure to lead or other toxic substances• Extreme neglect, abuse, or social deprivation.• Food additives like artificial coloring, which might make hyperactivity worse.Some studies suggest that artificial food additives and dyes may worsen hyperactivity and inattention, but these effects are small and do not account for most cases of ADHD.What are the symptoms of ADHD?of Inattention, hyperactivity (restlessness in adults), disruptive behavior, and impulsivity are common in ADHD. Academic difficulties are frequent as are problems with relationships.The symptoms can be difficult to define as it is hard to draw a line at where normal levels inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity end and significant levels requiring interventions beginADHD has many symptoms. Some symptoms at first may look like normal behaviors for a child, but ADHD makes them much worse and occur more often. Children with ADHD have at least six symptoms that start in the first 12 years of their lives.Children with ADHD may: • Get distracted easily and forget things often• Switch too quickly from one activity to the next• Have trouble with directions• Daydream too much• Have trouble finishing tasks like homework or chores• Lose toys, books, and school supplies often• Fidget and squirm a lot• Talk nonstop and interrupt people• Run around a lot• Touch and play with everything they see• Be very impatient• Blurt out inappropriate comments• Have trouble controlling their emotions.How do children with ADHD get better?Children with ADHD can get better with treatment, but there is no cure. There are three basic types of treatment:1. Medication. Several medications can help. The most common types are called stimulants. Medications help children focus, learn, and stay calm.
Sometimes medications cause side effects, such as sleep problems or stomachaches. Your child may need to try a few medications to see which one works best. It's important that you and your doctor watch your child closely while he or she is taking medicine.
2. Therapy. There are different kinds of therapy. Behavioral therapy can help teach children to control their behavior so they can do better at school and at home.
3. Medication and therapy combined. Many children do well with both medication and therapy.
Give your child guidance and understanding. A specialist can show you how to help your child make positive changes. Supporting your child helps everyone in your family. Also, talk to your child's teachers. Some children with ADHD can get special education services.
Dietary modifications may be of benefit to some children with ADHD.2013 meta-analysis found less than a third of children with ADHD see some improvement in symptoms with free fatty acid supplementation or decreased eating of artificial food coloring.These benefits may be limited to children with food sensitivities or those who are simultaneously being treated with ADHD me
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