Corporations: Dividends, Retained Earnings, and Income ReportingIllustration 14-4Statement presentation ofcommon stock dividendsdistributablePaid-in capital Common stock $500,000 Common stock dividends distributable 50,000 $550,000When Medland issues the dividend shares, it debits Common Stock DividendsDistributable and credits Common Stock, as follows.Common Stock Dividends Distributable 50,000 Common Stock 50,000 (To record issuance of 5,000 shares in a stock dividend)EFFECTS OF STOCK DIVIDENDSHow do stock dividends affect stockholders’ equity? They change the composition ofstockholders’ equity, because they transfer to paid-in capital a portion of retainedearnings. However, total stockholders’ equity remains the same. Stock dividends alsohave no effect on the par or stated value per share. But the number of shares outstandingincreases. Illustration 14-5 shows these effects for Medland Corporation.Illustration 14-5Stock dividend effects Before After Dividend DividendStockholders’ equity Paid-in capital Common stock, $10 par $500,000 $550,000 Paid-in capital in excess of par—common stock — 25,000 Total paid-in capital 500,000 575,000 Retained earnings 300,000 225,000 Total stockholders’ equity $800,000 $800,000Outstanding shares 50,000 55,000Par value per share $10.00 $10.00In this example, total paid-in capital increases by $75,000 (50,000 shares 3 10% 3$15) and retained earnings decreases by the same amount. Note also that totalstockholders’ equity remains unchanged at $800,000. The number of shares increasesby 5,000 (50,000 3 10%).Stock SplitsA stock split, like a stock dividend, involves issuance of additional shares to stockholdersaccording to their percentage ownership. However, a stock split results in areduction in the par or stated value per share. The purpose of a stock split is to increasethe marketability of the stock by lowering its market value per share. This, inturn, makes it easier for the corporation to issue additional stock.The effect of a split on market value is generally inversely proportional to thesize of the split. For example, after a recent 2-for-1 stock split, the market value ofNike’s stock fell from $111 to approximately $55. The lower market value stimulatedmarket activity, and within one year the stock was trading above $100 again.In a stock split, the number of shares increases in the same proportion that paror stated value per share decreases. For example, in a 2-for-1 split, one share of $10par value stock is exchanged for two shares of $5 par value stock. A stock split does
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