The authors classified all brands according to these criteria and asked two
independent judges to do the same. The level of reliability of this classification
was satisfactory (more than 70% of brands across all products and the two judges
were classified under the same utilitarian/informational level) (cf. Oliveira-Castro,
Foxall & Schrezenmaier, 2005). Based on this classification, Foxall et al. (2004)
observed the majority of consumers made 70% or more of their purchases in each
product category within brands belonging to the same informational level. The
authors reported similar findings for utilitarian level of reinforcement, where, for
most consumers (with the exception of cookies), 70% or more of purchases were
concentrated within brands at the same level of utilitarian reinforcement. These
results suggest that consumers’ brand repertoires are chosen, at least in part, on
the basis of the level of informational and utilitarian reinforcement programmed
by the brands.
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