The primary raw material in butter making is cream. Not all creams are equal, however, and from a kashrus perspective an important distinction is sweet cream and whey cream. Sweet cream is the fat that is separated from milk. Whey cream, in contrast, is a by-product of cheese, it is subject to many more complex kosher issues. Sweet cream gives rise to sweet cream butter and whey cream to whey cream butter.The butter is then washed, and salt and coloring may be added. The product is molded to a desired form and packaged.In some butter productions, the cream is cultured before churning. Culturing involves adding dairy bacteria cultures to the cream to ferment its natural sugars into lactic acid, which creates an enhanced taste and aroma. (Although dairy cultures are normally made from kosher bacteria strands, they can be grown and nourished using non-kosher nutrients and can be processed on equipment shared with non-kosher materials of all types, including animal by-products.) Starter distillate, which is a dairy flavor compound made from milk or whey condensate, is also sometimes incorporated into butter to achieve a more tart or “buttery” taste.
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