Quá trình thực hiện Even with a strong theoretical and research foundation, and detailed instructional and presentation plans, a program may still fail without careful attention to the implementation process. The key component of implementation is knowing the target audience. Ideally, the target audience will be consulted in each of the stages of development from the formulation of content to the evaluation. The resource material should include information describing the target audience and include for whom the material would, and would not be, appropriate. Implementation also includes the logistical details of presenting an educational resource. This includes information on marketing the resource, recruiting an audience, and suggesting an appropriate setting. It is also important to clarify whether the material is best presented by a professional, may be independently taught or learned, or requires training for laymen and volunteer instructors. 24 Consideration should also be given to the involvement of community partnerships and support for implementing the resource. A common concern expressed by relationship scholars is the challenge of getting the educational resource to those who would benefit the most from it. Several studies have shown that those most likely to be helped are the least likely to access MPE (Carroll & Doherty, 2003; Duncan, Holman, & Yang, 2007; Halford et al., 2003). The studies done on the effectiveness of marriage and premarital programs have been dominated by white, middle-class couples. The question still remains if current resources are effective for participants of more diverse backgrounds (Hawkins et al, 2008). The implementation part of the Hughes model includes a component to assess how well resources are promoted and implemented to reach diverse audiences. Different strategies have been proposed for reaching those who would potentially benefit the most from marriage preparation education. Both Halford et al. (2003) and Hawkins et al. (2004) have proposed that using various forms of mass media could help both to recruit participants and provide information on the benefits of MPE. These same researchers have also stressed the value of making educational resources more flexible in time and delivery settings. Preferred formats for delivery of resources vary among individuals. Some may prefer the more traditional face-to-face format, whereas others may respond more readily to the privacy and anonymity of a self-directed format. To date, marriage preparation resources have not been evaluated in terms of implementation processes. This deficit will be addressed in the current study.
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