3 - ROLE OF POLICE IN JAPANThe duti

3 - ROLE OF POLICE IN JAPAN

The duties of the police in Japan are stipulated by the Police Law as "protecting the life, person and property of an individual citizen, preventing, suppressing and investigating crimes, controlling traffic and also maintaining public safety and order". In order to carry out these duties, police engage in various activities. The main subject of the police duties is the control of crimes. In addition, the police attend to a wide range of administrative duties to maintain public peace and order.

With regard to the control of crimes, the Code of Criminal Procedure provides that "when a judicial police officer deems that an offense has been committed, he shall investigate the offender and evidence thereof". This gives police officers the authority to investigate all kinds of offenses, including those affecting public peace and order. Hence, the police are empowered to crack down on all violations punishable under all laws as well as to investigate criminal offenses.

Usually, a case investigated by the police is handed over to the public prosecutors' office, and public prosecutors decided whether to prosecute or not.The right of investigation is held also by public prosecutors, just like the police. In actual practice, however, prosecutors basically confine their activities to sustaining prosecution and conduct only supplementary investigations.

As for other authorities with investigative powers, Article 190 of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides that "officials who should perform duties as judicial police officers to investigate special cases and the scope of their activities is provided by separate laws." Such judicial police officials are Maritime Safety officers and the narcotics control officers. However, the number of special cases as provided by law is extremely small.
In addition to the control of crimes, the police perform many other duties to maintain public peace and order. The following are principal administrative responsibilities which the police fulfill under related laws:

- Under the Road Traffic Law

The police perform administrative functions covering the entire spectrum of matters relating to road traffic, such as issuing drivers' licenses, dealing with administrative punishment of cancelling the license of vicious traffic offenders, regulating traffic by setting up road signs and traffic signals, issuing permits for the use of roads such as for parades, conducting traffic education and supervising driving schools.

- Under the Law to Control Businesses Affecting Public Morals and to Regulate Their Business

In addition to issuing business licenses to entertainment establishments, including bars and night clubs, the police receive reports of opening of establishments like strip-show theaters, and conduct on-the-spot inspection to supervise these businesses which might affect public morals. Besides cracking down on illegal acts in these businesses, the police are empowered to take punitive action, including suspending the business of offenders.

- Under the Private Security Business Law

The police authorize security campanies that provide protective services by using guards and security facilities, extend guidance to the training and management of their guards and other personnel, and supervise them through on-the-spot inspection and other measures.In case these companies found to have violated the law, the police can order suspension of their business.

- Under the Law Controlling Possession of Firearms and Swords

By this law, the possession of firearms and swords is generally prohibited in Japan. Private possession of firearms and swords are strictly controlled under license issued by the Prefectural Public Safety Commission. The police also oversee the safekeeping of firearms by means such as on-the-spot inspection, and, in case it deemed necessary, take such actions as revoking the license. Banning the possession of firearms and swords by this law, is said to be one of the main reason that Japan is highly praised by many foreign countries as a "wellpoliced country."

- Under the Pawnbroking Business Law and the Antique Dealings Law

The police license to pawnbrokers, and oversee their business operations, including the keeping of accounts. The police can make on-the-spot inspection of pawnshops, and when the violation is found, may order suspension of business or cancel their business license. The police also control second-hand goods dealers in a similar way.In addition, the police are engaged in a wide variety of activities which are closely connected with the everyday life of community residents, such as preventing crimes, giving protection and guidance to juveniles, protection of lost children and runaways from home, and offering various consulting services.

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

3 - VAI TRÒ CỦA CẢNH SÁT TẠI NHẬT BẢNNhiệm vụ của cảnh sát Nhật bản được quy định bởi luật cảnh sát là "bảo vệ cuộc sống, người và tài sản của công dân cá nhân, ngăn cản, trấn áp và điều tra tội phạm, kiểm soát giao thông và cũng duy trì trật tự và an toàn công cộng". Để thực hiện các nhiệm vụ, cảnh sát tham gia vào các hoạt động khác nhau. Chủ đề chính của nhiệm vụ cảnh sát là sự kiểm soát của tội phạm. Ngoài ra, cảnh sát tham gia vào một loạt các nhiệm vụ hành chính để duy trì khu vực hòa bình và trật tự.Đối với sự kiểm soát của tội phạm, mã số của thủ tục hình sự cung cấp cho rằng "khi một sĩ quan cảnh sát tư pháp xét thấy rằng một hành vi phạm tội đã cam kết, ông sẽ điều tra những người phạm tội và chứng cứ đó". Điều này cho phép nhân viên cảnh sát thẩm quyền để điều tra tất cả các loại tội phạm, bao gồm cả những ảnh hưởng đến khu vực hòa bình và trật tự. Do đó, cảnh sát có quyền để crack xuống trên tất cả hành vi vi phạm bị trừng phạt theo luật pháp tất cả cũng như để điều tra tội phạm hình sự.Thông thường, một trường hợp mà điều tra của cảnh sát được giao cho các công tố viên khu vực văn phòng và khu vực công tố viên quyết định việc truy tố hay không. Phải điều tra được tổ chức cũng bởi công tố viên khu vực, giống như cảnh sát. Trong thực hành thực tế, Tuy nhiên, công tố viên cơ bản nhốt các hoạt động để duy trì truy tố và tiến hành chỉ điều tra bổ sung.As for other authorities with investigative powers, Article 190 of the Code of Criminal Procedure provides that "officials who should perform duties as judicial police officers to investigate special cases and the scope of their activities is provided by separate laws." Such judicial police officials are Maritime Safety officers and the narcotics control officers. However, the number of special cases as provided by law is extremely small.In addition to the control of crimes, the police perform many other duties to maintain public peace and order. The following are principal administrative responsibilities which the police fulfill under related laws:- Under the Road Traffic Law The police perform administrative functions covering the entire spectrum of matters relating to road traffic, such as issuing drivers' licenses, dealing with administrative punishment of cancelling the license of vicious traffic offenders, regulating traffic by setting up road signs and traffic signals, issuing permits for the use of roads such as for parades, conducting traffic education and supervising driving schools.- Under the Law to Control Businesses Affecting Public Morals and to Regulate Their Business In addition to issuing business licenses to entertainment establishments, including bars and night clubs, the police receive reports of opening of establishments like strip-show theaters, and conduct on-the-spot inspection to supervise these businesses which might affect public morals. Besides cracking down on illegal acts in these businesses, the police are empowered to take punitive action, including suspending the business of offenders.- Under the Private Security Business Law The police authorize security campanies that provide protective services by using guards and security facilities, extend guidance to the training and management of their guards and other personnel, and supervise them through on-the-spot inspection and other measures.In case these companies found to have violated the law, the police can order suspension of their business.- Under the Law Controlling Possession of Firearms and Swords By this law, the possession of firearms and swords is generally prohibited in Japan. Private possession of firearms and swords are strictly controlled under license issued by the Prefectural Public Safety Commission. The police also oversee the safekeeping of firearms by means such as on-the-spot inspection, and, in case it deemed necessary, take such actions as revoking the license. Banning the possession of firearms and swords by this law, is said to be one of the main reason that Japan is highly praised by many foreign countries as a "wellpoliced country."- Under the Pawnbroking Business Law and the Antique Dealings Law The police license to pawnbrokers, and oversee their business operations, including the keeping of accounts. The police can make on-the-spot inspection of pawnshops, and when the violation is found, may order suspension of business or cancel their business license. The police also control second-hand goods dealers in a similar way.In addition, the police are engaged in a wide variety of activities which are closely connected with the everyday life of community residents, such as preventing crimes, giving protection and guidance to juveniles, protection of lost children and runaways from home, and offering various consulting services.