1.5.3 Animal fats modified through nutritional changesFrom a nutritional viewpoint land animal depot fats are perceived as havingseveral disadvantages. They are generally rich in serum cholesterol-raisingsaturated acids, frequently contain acids with trans unsaturation, and havehigh levels of cholesterol. Their level of essential fatty acids is low, and theycontain little if any antioxidant. Further, animal fats are not acceptable tovegetarians and to some ethnic groups. Nevertheless animal fats contain lowlevels of long-chain PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) and are a valuablesource of such acids in the human diet.Some of the perceived disadvantages in ruminant animals are theconsequence of biohydrogenation processes taking place within the rumen,and dietary regimes have been proposed to circumvent these changes.There is also an interest in modifying the fatty acid composition of chickeneggs and meat by appropriate changes to the diet of the chicken. This hasbeen seen as a way of enhancing the (human) dietary intake of CLA (conjugatedlinoleic acid) and of EPA and DHA (long-chain omega-3 acids) (see Chapter13).
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