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Section 1-1 What is Materials Scien
Section 1-1 What is Materials Science and Engineering?
1-1 Define Material Science and Engineering (MSE).
1-2 Define the following terms: (a) composition, (b) structure, (c) synthesis, (d) processing, and (e) microstructure.
1-3 Explain the difference between the terms materials science and materials engineering.
1-4 Name one revolutionary discovery of a material. Name one evolutionary discovery of a material.
Section 1-2 Classification of Materials
Section 1-3 Functional Classification of Materials
Section 1-4 Classification of Materials Based on Structure
Section 1-5 Environmental and Other Effects
1-5 Steel is often coated with a thin layer of zinc if it is to be used outside. What characteristics do you think the zinc provides to this coated, or galvanized, steel? What precautions should be considered in producing this product? How will the recyclability of the steel be affected as a result of the galvanization?
1-6 We would like to produce a transparent canopy for an aircraft. If we were to use a ceramic (that is, traditional window glass) canopy, rocks or birds might cause it to shatter. Design a material that would minimize damage or at least keep the can- opy from breaking into pieces.
1-7 Coiled springs ought to be very strong and stiff. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a strong, stiff material. Would you select this material for a spring? Explain.
1-8 Temperature indicators are sometimes produced from a coiled metal strip that uncoils a specific amount when the temperature increases. How does this work; from what kind of material would the indicator be made; and what are the important properties that the material in the indicator must possess?
Section 1-6 Materials Design and Selection
1-9 You would like to design an aircraft that can be flown by human power nonstop for a distance of 30 km. What types of material properties would you recommend? What materials might be appropriate?
1-10 You would like to place a three-foot diameter microsatellite into orbit. The satellite will contain delicate electronic equipment that will send and receive radio signals from earth. Design the outer shell within which the electronic equipment is contained. What properties will be required, and what kind of materials might be considered?
1-11 What properties should the head of a carpenter’s hammer possess? How would you manufacture a hammer head?
1-12 The hull of the space shuttle consists of ceramic tiles bonded to an aluminum skin. Discuss the design requirements of the shuttle hull that led to the use of this combination of materials.
What problems in producing the hull might the designers and manufacturers have faced?
1-13 You would like to select a material for the elec- trical contacts in an electrical switching device which opens and closes frequently and forcefully. What properties should the contact material pos- sess? What type of material might you recom- mend? Would Al2O3 be a good choice? Explain.
1-14 Aluminum has a density of 2.7 g/cm3. Suppose you would like to produce a composite material based on aluminum having a density of 1.5 g/cm3. Design a material that would have this density. Would introducing beads of polyethylene, with a density of 0.95 g/cm3, into the aluminum be a likely possibility? Explain.
1-15 You would like to be able to identify different materials without resorting to chemical analy- sis or lengthy testing procedures. Describe some possible testing and sorting techniques you might be able to use based on the physical properties of materials.
1-16 You would like to be able to physically separate different materials in a scrap recycling plant. De- scribe some possible methods that might be used to separate materials such as polymers, aluminum alloys, and steels from one another.
1-17 Some pistons for automobile engines might be produced from a composite material containing small, hard silicon carbide particles in an alumi- num alloy matrix. Explain what benefits each material in the composite may provide to the overall part. What problems might the different properties of the two materials cause in produc- ing the part?
1-18 Look up information on materials known as Ge- ofoam. How are these materials used to reinforce ground that may be otherwise unstable?
1-19 An airplane made using primarily aluminum al- loys weighs 5000 lbs. What will be the weight of this airplane if it is made using primarily carbon- fiber composites?
1-20 Ladders can be made using aluminum alloy, fiber- glass, and wood. What will be the pros and cons of using each of these materials? One thing to keep in mind is that aluminum alloys are good conductors of electricity.
1-21 Replacing about half of the steel-based materials in a car can reduce the weight of the car by al- most 60%. This can lead to nearly a 30% increase in fuel efficiency. What kinds of materials could replace steel in cars? What would be the advan- tages and disadvantages in usin
1-1 Define Material Science and Engineering (MSE).
1-2 Define the following terms: (a) composition, (b) structure, (c) synthesis, (d) processing, and (e) microstructure.
1-3 Explain the difference between the terms materials science and materials engineering.
1-4 Name one revolutionary discovery of a material. Name one evolutionary discovery of a material.
Section 1-2 Classification of Materials
Section 1-3 Functional Classification of Materials
Section 1-4 Classification of Materials Based on Structure
Section 1-5 Environmental and Other Effects
1-5 Steel is often coated with a thin layer of zinc if it is to be used outside. What characteristics do you think the zinc provides to this coated, or galvanized, steel? What precautions should be considered in producing this product? How will the recyclability of the steel be affected as a result of the galvanization?
1-6 We would like to produce a transparent canopy for an aircraft. If we were to use a ceramic (that is, traditional window glass) canopy, rocks or birds might cause it to shatter. Design a material that would minimize damage or at least keep the can- opy from breaking into pieces.
1-7 Coiled springs ought to be very strong and stiff. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a strong, stiff material. Would you select this material for a spring? Explain.
1-8 Temperature indicators are sometimes produced from a coiled metal strip that uncoils a specific amount when the temperature increases. How does this work; from what kind of material would the indicator be made; and what are the important properties that the material in the indicator must possess?
Section 1-6 Materials Design and Selection
1-9 You would like to design an aircraft that can be flown by human power nonstop for a distance of 30 km. What types of material properties would you recommend? What materials might be appropriate?
1-10 You would like to place a three-foot diameter microsatellite into orbit. The satellite will contain delicate electronic equipment that will send and receive radio signals from earth. Design the outer shell within which the electronic equipment is contained. What properties will be required, and what kind of materials might be considered?
1-11 What properties should the head of a carpenter’s hammer possess? How would you manufacture a hammer head?
1-12 The hull of the space shuttle consists of ceramic tiles bonded to an aluminum skin. Discuss the design requirements of the shuttle hull that led to the use of this combination of materials.
What problems in producing the hull might the designers and manufacturers have faced?
1-13 You would like to select a material for the elec- trical contacts in an electrical switching device which opens and closes frequently and forcefully. What properties should the contact material pos- sess? What type of material might you recom- mend? Would Al2O3 be a good choice? Explain.
1-14 Aluminum has a density of 2.7 g/cm3. Suppose you would like to produce a composite material based on aluminum having a density of 1.5 g/cm3. Design a material that would have this density. Would introducing beads of polyethylene, with a density of 0.95 g/cm3, into the aluminum be a likely possibility? Explain.
1-15 You would like to be able to identify different materials without resorting to chemical analy- sis or lengthy testing procedures. Describe some possible testing and sorting techniques you might be able to use based on the physical properties of materials.
1-16 You would like to be able to physically separate different materials in a scrap recycling plant. De- scribe some possible methods that might be used to separate materials such as polymers, aluminum alloys, and steels from one another.
1-17 Some pistons for automobile engines might be produced from a composite material containing small, hard silicon carbide particles in an alumi- num alloy matrix. Explain what benefits each material in the composite may provide to the overall part. What problems might the different properties of the two materials cause in produc- ing the part?
1-18 Look up information on materials known as Ge- ofoam. How are these materials used to reinforce ground that may be otherwise unstable?
1-19 An airplane made using primarily aluminum al- loys weighs 5000 lbs. What will be the weight of this airplane if it is made using primarily carbon- fiber composites?
1-20 Ladders can be made using aluminum alloy, fiber- glass, and wood. What will be the pros and cons of using each of these materials? One thing to keep in mind is that aluminum alloys are good conductors of electricity.
1-21 Replacing about half of the steel-based materials in a car can reduce the weight of the car by al- most 60%. This can lead to nearly a 30% increase in fuel efficiency. What kinds of materials could replace steel in cars? What would be the advan- tages and disadvantages in usin
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Bagian 1-1 apa adalah ilmu dan teknik material?1-1 menentukan materi Sains dan teknik (UMK).1-2 mendefinisikan istilah berikut: komposisi (a), (b) struktur, (c) sintesis, (d) pengolahan, dan (e) mikro.1-3 menjelaskan perbedaan antara istilah ilmu material dan teknik material.1-4 nama satu penemuan revolusioner dari bahan. Nama satu penemuan evolusi dari bahan.Bagian 1-2 klasifikasi bahanBagian 1-3 fungsional klasifikasi bahanBagian 1-4 klasifikasi bahan berdasarkan strukturBagian 1-5 lingkungan dan efek lainnya1-5 steel sering dilapisi dengan lapisan tipis seng jika ingin dapat digunakan di luar. Karakteristik apa yang menurut Anda seng menyediakan ini dilapisi, atau galvanis, baja? Apa tindakan pencegahan harus dipertimbangkan dalam memproduksi produk ini? Bagaimana recyclability baja akan terpengaruh akibat dari galvanization?1-6 kita ingin menghasilkan kanopi transparan untuk pesawat. Jika kita menggunakan kanopi keramik (yaitu tradisional jendela kaca), batu atau burung dapat menyebabkan untuk menghancurkan. Desain bahan yang akan meminimalkan kerusakan atau setidaknya menjaga dapat - opy dari melanggar potong.1-7 Coiled springs seharusnya sangat kuat dan kaku. Silikon nitrida (Si3N4) adalah bahan yang kuat, kaku. Akan Anda pilih bahan ini untuk spring? Menjelaskan.1-8 indikator suhu kadang-kadang dihasilkan dari strip logam melingkar yang uncoils sejumlah tertentu ketika suhu meningkat. Bagaimana ini bekerja; dari jenis bahan indikator akan dilakukan; dan apa sifat-sifat penting yang harus memiliki materi dalam indikator?Bagian 1-6 bahan desain dan pilihan1-9 Anda ingin desain pesawat yang bisa diterbangkan oleh tenaga manusia tanpa henti untuk jarak 30 km. Jenis-jenis sifat-sifat materi apa yang akan Anda rekomendasikan? Apa bahan yang mungkin cocok?1-10 Anda ingin menempatkan mikrosatelit tiga-kaki diameter ke orbit. Satelit akan berisi halus peralatan elektronik yang akan mengirim dan menerima sinyal radio dari bumi. Desain kulit terluar di mana peralatan elektronik yang terkandung. Sifat-sifat apa yang akan diperlukan, dan apa jenis bahan yang mungkin dianggap?1-11 sifat-sifat apa harus kepala palu seorang tukang kayu memiliki? Bagaimana Anda akan memproduksi kepala palu?1-12 lambung kapal angkasa terdiri dari ubin keramik yang terikat pada kulit aluminium. Membahas persyaratan desain lambung Antar-Jemput yang mengarah pada penggunaan kombinasi bahan.Apa masalah dalam memproduksi lambung mungkin desainer dan produsen menghadapi?1-13 Anda ingin memilih bahan untuk Peng - trical kontak di perangkat switching elektrik yang membuka dan menutup sering dan tegas. Sifat-sifat apa yang harus pos bahan kontak-sess? Apa jenis material mungkin recom-memperbaiki? Al2O3 yang akan menjadi pilihan yang baik? Menjelaskan.1-14 aluminium memiliki kepadatan 2.7 g/cm3. Misalnya, Anda ingin untuk menghasilkan material komposit berdasarkan aluminium memiliki kepadatan 1.5 g/cm3. Desain bahan yang akan memiliki kepadatan ini. Memperkenalkan manik-manik polietilena, dengan kepadatan 0,95 g/cm3, ke dalam aluminium akan kemungkinan? Menjelaskan.1-15 Anda ingin dapat mengidentifikasi bahan yang berbeda tanpa beralih ke analy-sis kimia atau prosedur pengujian yang panjang. Menggambarkan beberapa mungkin pengujian dan menyortir teknik Anda mungkin dapat menggunakan berdasarkan sifat-sifat fisik bahan.1-16 Anda ingin mampu secara fisik memisahkan bahan yang berbeda dalam memo pabrik daur ulang. De-scribe beberapa metode yang mungkin yang dapat digunakan untuk memisahkan bahan polimer, paduan aluminium dan baja dari satu sama lain.1-17 beberapa piston untuk mesin mobil yang mungkin dihasilkan dari material komposit yang mengandung partikel kecil, keras silikon karbida di alumi-num paduan matriks. Jelaskan apa manfaat yang masing-masing bahan dalam komposit dapat memberikan bagian secara keseluruhan. Masalah apa mungkin sifat yang berbeda dari dua bahan menyebabkan produc-ing bagian?1-18 melihat informasi pada bahan-bahan yang dikenal sebagai Ge-ofoam. Bagaimana bahan-bahan ini digunakan untuk memperkuat tanah yang mungkin sebaliknya tidak stabil?1-19 pesawat yang dibuat menggunakan terutama aluminium al-loys beratnya £ 5000. Apa yang akan menjadi berat pesawat ini jika itu dibuat menggunakan terutama serat karbon komposit?1-20 tangga dapat dibuat dengan menggunakan alumunium alloy, kaca serat, dan kayu. Apa yang akan menjadi pro dan kontra dari menggunakan masing-masing bahan? Satu hal yang perlu diingat adalah bahwa paduan aluminium baik konduktor listrik.1-21 menggantikan sekitar setengah dari bahan baja berbasis di mobil dapat mengurangi berat mobil al-paling 60%. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan hampir 30% peningkatan efisiensi bahan bakar. Apa jenis bahan dapat menggantikan baja di mobil? Apa yang akan menjadi advan-tages dan kelemahan dalam p
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Section 1-1 What is Materials Science and Engineering?
1-1 Define Material Science and Engineering (MSE).
1-2 Define the following terms: (a) composition, (b) structure, (c) synthesis, (d) processing, and (e) microstructure.
1-3 Explain the difference between the terms materials science and materials engineering.
1-4 Name one revolutionary discovery of a material. Name one evolutionary discovery of a material.
Section 1-2 Classification of Materials
Section 1-3 Functional Classification of Materials
Section 1-4 Classification of Materials Based on Structure
Section 1-5 Environmental and Other Effects
1-5 Steel is often coated with a thin layer of zinc if it is to be used outside. What characteristics do you think the zinc provides to this coated, or galvanized, steel? What precautions should be considered in producing this product? How will the recyclability of the steel be affected as a result of the galvanization?
1-6 We would like to produce a transparent canopy for an aircraft. If we were to use a ceramic (that is, traditional window glass) canopy, rocks or birds might cause it to shatter. Design a material that would minimize damage or at least keep the can- opy from breaking into pieces.
1-7 Coiled springs ought to be very strong and stiff. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a strong, stiff material. Would you select this material for a spring? Explain.
1-8 Temperature indicators are sometimes produced from a coiled metal strip that uncoils a specific amount when the temperature increases. How does this work; from what kind of material would the indicator be made; and what are the important properties that the material in the indicator must possess?
Section 1-6 Materials Design and Selection
1-9 You would like to design an aircraft that can be flown by human power nonstop for a distance of 30 km. What types of material properties would you recommend? What materials might be appropriate?
1-10 You would like to place a three-foot diameter microsatellite into orbit. The satellite will contain delicate electronic equipment that will send and receive radio signals from earth. Design the outer shell within which the electronic equipment is contained. What properties will be required, and what kind of materials might be considered?
1-11 What properties should the head of a carpenter’s hammer possess? How would you manufacture a hammer head?
1-12 The hull of the space shuttle consists of ceramic tiles bonded to an aluminum skin. Discuss the design requirements of the shuttle hull that led to the use of this combination of materials.
What problems in producing the hull might the designers and manufacturers have faced?
1-13 You would like to select a material for the elec- trical contacts in an electrical switching device which opens and closes frequently and forcefully. What properties should the contact material pos- sess? What type of material might you recom- mend? Would Al2O3 be a good choice? Explain.
1-14 Aluminum has a density of 2.7 g/cm3. Suppose you would like to produce a composite material based on aluminum having a density of 1.5 g/cm3. Design a material that would have this density. Would introducing beads of polyethylene, with a density of 0.95 g/cm3, into the aluminum be a likely possibility? Explain.
1-15 You would like to be able to identify different materials without resorting to chemical analy- sis or lengthy testing procedures. Describe some possible testing and sorting techniques you might be able to use based on the physical properties of materials.
1-16 You would like to be able to physically separate different materials in a scrap recycling plant. De- scribe some possible methods that might be used to separate materials such as polymers, aluminum alloys, and steels from one another.
1-17 Some pistons for automobile engines might be produced from a composite material containing small, hard silicon carbide particles in an alumi- num alloy matrix. Explain what benefits each material in the composite may provide to the overall part. What problems might the different properties of the two materials cause in produc- ing the part?
1-18 Look up information on materials known as Ge- ofoam. How are these materials used to reinforce ground that may be otherwise unstable?
1-19 An airplane made using primarily aluminum al- loys weighs 5000 lbs. What will be the weight of this airplane if it is made using primarily carbon- fiber composites?
1-20 Ladders can be made using aluminum alloy, fiber- glass, and wood. What will be the pros and cons of using each of these materials? One thing to keep in mind is that aluminum alloys are good conductors of electricity.
1-21 Replacing about half of the steel-based materials in a car can reduce the weight of the car by al- most 60%. This can lead to nearly a 30% increase in fuel efficiency. What kinds of materials could replace steel in cars? What would be the advan- tages and disadvantages in usin
1-1 Define Material Science and Engineering (MSE).
1-2 Define the following terms: (a) composition, (b) structure, (c) synthesis, (d) processing, and (e) microstructure.
1-3 Explain the difference between the terms materials science and materials engineering.
1-4 Name one revolutionary discovery of a material. Name one evolutionary discovery of a material.
Section 1-2 Classification of Materials
Section 1-3 Functional Classification of Materials
Section 1-4 Classification of Materials Based on Structure
Section 1-5 Environmental and Other Effects
1-5 Steel is often coated with a thin layer of zinc if it is to be used outside. What characteristics do you think the zinc provides to this coated, or galvanized, steel? What precautions should be considered in producing this product? How will the recyclability of the steel be affected as a result of the galvanization?
1-6 We would like to produce a transparent canopy for an aircraft. If we were to use a ceramic (that is, traditional window glass) canopy, rocks or birds might cause it to shatter. Design a material that would minimize damage or at least keep the can- opy from breaking into pieces.
1-7 Coiled springs ought to be very strong and stiff. Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a strong, stiff material. Would you select this material for a spring? Explain.
1-8 Temperature indicators are sometimes produced from a coiled metal strip that uncoils a specific amount when the temperature increases. How does this work; from what kind of material would the indicator be made; and what are the important properties that the material in the indicator must possess?
Section 1-6 Materials Design and Selection
1-9 You would like to design an aircraft that can be flown by human power nonstop for a distance of 30 km. What types of material properties would you recommend? What materials might be appropriate?
1-10 You would like to place a three-foot diameter microsatellite into orbit. The satellite will contain delicate electronic equipment that will send and receive radio signals from earth. Design the outer shell within which the electronic equipment is contained. What properties will be required, and what kind of materials might be considered?
1-11 What properties should the head of a carpenter’s hammer possess? How would you manufacture a hammer head?
1-12 The hull of the space shuttle consists of ceramic tiles bonded to an aluminum skin. Discuss the design requirements of the shuttle hull that led to the use of this combination of materials.
What problems in producing the hull might the designers and manufacturers have faced?
1-13 You would like to select a material for the elec- trical contacts in an electrical switching device which opens and closes frequently and forcefully. What properties should the contact material pos- sess? What type of material might you recom- mend? Would Al2O3 be a good choice? Explain.
1-14 Aluminum has a density of 2.7 g/cm3. Suppose you would like to produce a composite material based on aluminum having a density of 1.5 g/cm3. Design a material that would have this density. Would introducing beads of polyethylene, with a density of 0.95 g/cm3, into the aluminum be a likely possibility? Explain.
1-15 You would like to be able to identify different materials without resorting to chemical analy- sis or lengthy testing procedures. Describe some possible testing and sorting techniques you might be able to use based on the physical properties of materials.
1-16 You would like to be able to physically separate different materials in a scrap recycling plant. De- scribe some possible methods that might be used to separate materials such as polymers, aluminum alloys, and steels from one another.
1-17 Some pistons for automobile engines might be produced from a composite material containing small, hard silicon carbide particles in an alumi- num alloy matrix. Explain what benefits each material in the composite may provide to the overall part. What problems might the different properties of the two materials cause in produc- ing the part?
1-18 Look up information on materials known as Ge- ofoam. How are these materials used to reinforce ground that may be otherwise unstable?
1-19 An airplane made using primarily aluminum al- loys weighs 5000 lbs. What will be the weight of this airplane if it is made using primarily carbon- fiber composites?
1-20 Ladders can be made using aluminum alloy, fiber- glass, and wood. What will be the pros and cons of using each of these materials? One thing to keep in mind is that aluminum alloys are good conductors of electricity.
1-21 Replacing about half of the steel-based materials in a car can reduce the weight of the car by al- most 60%. This can lead to nearly a 30% increase in fuel efficiency. What kinds of materials could replace steel in cars? What would be the advan- tages and disadvantages in usin
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