We will use dotted decimal notation when expressing IP addresses throughout the remainder of this text. Indeed, most TCPJIP software that displays or requires a human to enter an IP address uses dotted decimal notation. For example, the UNIX netstat command, which displays information about routes and connections, and application programs such as telnet and ftp all use dotted decimal notation when accepting or displaying IP addresses. Thus, when classful addressing is used, it is helpful to understand the relationship between IP address classes and dotted decimal numbers. The table in Figure 4.3 summarizes the range of values for each class.
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