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Hip hop music
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This article is about the music genre. For the culture in general, see Hip hop. For other uses, see Hip hop (disambiguation).
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Hip hop
Stylistic origins Funk, disco, dub, rhythm and blues, reggae, dancehall, toasting, performance poetry, spoken word, signifyin', The Dozens, scat singing, talking blues
Cultural origins 1970s, the Bronx, New York City
Typical instruments Turntable, synthesizer, DAW, rapping, drum machine, sampler, drums, guitar, bass, piano, beatboxing, vocals
Derivative forms Electro, breakbeat, oldschool jungle, drum and bass, trip hop, grime, breakbeat hardcore, neo soul, big beat
Subgenres
Alternative hip hop – Turntablism – Christian hip hop – Conscious hip hop – Experimental hip hop – Freestyle rap – Gangsta rap – Homo hop – Hardcore hip hop – Horrorcore – Instrumental hip hop – Mafioso rap – Nerdcore – Political hip hop – Baltimore club – Bounce – Brick City club – Chicano rap – Native American hip hop – Jerkin'
Fusion genres
Country rap – Australian hip hop – Hip hop soul – Hip house – Crunk – Hyphy – Jazz rap – Merenrap – Neo soul – Nu metal – Ragga – Reggaeton – Rap opera – Rap rock – Rapcore – Rap metal – Cumbia rap – Merenrap – Hiplife – Low Bap – Ghettotech – Glitch hop – Wonky – Industrial hip hop – New jack swing – Psychedelic hip hop
Regional scenes
Atlanta hip hop – Bangladeshi hip hop – East Coast hip hop – West Coast hip hop – Southern hip hop – Midwest hip hop – Southwest hip hop – British hip hop – French hip hop – Kenyan hip hop – Japanese hip hop – Korean hip hop - Israeli hip hop

Hip hop music, also called hip-hop,[1][2] rap music,[2][3][4] or hip-hop music,[2][5] is a music genre consisting of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.[2] It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching, break dancing, and graffiti writing.[6][7][8] Other elements include sampling (or synthesis), and beatboxing.

While often used to refer to rapping, "hip hop" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.[9][10] The term hip hop music is sometimes used synonymously with the term rap music,[2][5] though rapping is not a required component of hip hop music; the genre may also incorporate other elements of hip hop culture, including DJing and scratching, beatboxing, and instrumental tracks.[11][12]
Contents

1 Origin of the term
2 1970s
2.1 Origins
2.2 Introduction of rapping
2.3 Influence of disco
2.4 Transition to recording
3 1980s
3.1 New school hip hop
3.2 Golden age hip hop
3.3 Gangsta rap and West Coast hip hop
4 1990s
4.1 Mainstream breakthrough
4.2 World hip hop
4.3 East vs. West rivalry
4.3.1 West Coast hip hop
4.3.2 East Coast hip hop
4.4 Diversification of styles
5 2000s and 2010s
5.1 World and national music
5.2 Crunk and snap music
5.3 Glitch hop and wonky music
5.4 Decline in sales
5.5 Innovation and revitalization
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links

Origin of the term

Creation of the term hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five.[13] However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was still known as disco rap. It is believed that Cowboy created the term while teasing a friend who had just joined the U.S. Army, by scat singing the words "hip/hop/hip/hop" in a way that mimicked the rhythmic cadence of soldiers marching.[13] Cowboy later worked the "hip hop" cadence into a part of his stage performance, which was quickly used by other artists such as The Sugarhill Gang in "Rapper's Delight".[13]

Universal Zulu Nation founder Afrika Bambaataa is credited with first using the term to describe the subculture in which the music belonged; although it is also suggested that it was a derogatory term to describe the type of music.[14] The first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice,[15] by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop.[16]
1970s
Origins
1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the Bronx, a venue used by Kool Herc that is often considered the birthplace of hip hop
DJ Kool Herc, recognized as one of the earliest hip hop artists

Hip hop as music and culture formed during the 1970s when block parties became increasingly popular in New York City, particularly among African American youth residing in the Bronx.[17] Block parties incorporated DJs who played popular genres of music, especially funk and soul music. Due to the positive reception, DJs began isolating the percussive breaks of popular songs. This technique was then common in Jamaican dub music,[18] and was largely introduced into New York by immigrants from Jamaica and elsewhere in the Caribbean, including DJ Kool Herc, who is generally considered the father of hip hop.[by whom?] Because the percussive breaks in funk, soul and disco records were generally short, Herc and other DJs began using two turntables to extend the breaks.

Turntablist techniques – such as scratching (attributed to Grand Wizzard Theodore[19][20]), beat mixing and/or matching, and beat juggling – eventually developed along with the breaks, creating a base that could be rapped over, in a manner similar to signifying, as well as the art of toasting, another influence found in Jamaican dub music.[18][21]

Hip hop music in its infancy has been described as an outlet and a "voice" for the disenfranchised youth of low-economic areas,[22] as the culture reflected the social, economic and political realities of their lives.[23]
Introduction of rapping

Rapping, also referred to as MCing or emceeing, is a vocal style in which the artist speaks lyrically, in rhyme and verse, generally to an instrumental or synthesized beat. Beats, almost always in 4/4 time signature, can be created by sampling and/or sequencing portions of other songs by a producer.[24] They also incorporate synthesizers, drum machines, and live bands. Rappers may write, memorize, or improvise their lyrics and perform their works a cappella or to a beat.

Hip hop music predates the introduction of rapping into hip hop culture, and rap vocals are absent from many hip hop tracks, such as "Hip Hop, Be Bop (Don’t Stop)" by Man Parrish; "Chinese Arithmetic" by Eric B. & Rakim; "Al-Naafiysh (The Soul)" and "We're Rocking the Planet" by Hashim; and "Destination Earth" by Newcleus. However, the majority of the genre has been accompanied by rap vocals, including female rappers. Bronx artist MC Sha Rock, member of the Funky Four Plus One is credited with performing the first female hip hop rap. [25] The Sequence, a hip hop trio signed to Sugar Hill Records in the early '80's, were the first all female group to release a rap record, Funk You Up.

The roots of rapping are found in African-American music and ultimately African music, particularly that of the griots of West African culture.[26] The African-American traditions of signifyin', the dozens, and jazz poetry all influence hip hop music, as well as the call and response patterns of African and African-American religious ceremonies. Soul singer James Brown, and musical 'comedy' acts such as Rudy Ray Moore and Blowfly are often considered "godfathers" of hip hop music.[citation needed]

Within New York City, performances of spoken-word poetry and music by artists such as The Last Poets, Gil Scott-Heron[27] and Jalal Mansur Nuriddin had a significant impact on the post-civil rights era culture of the 1960s and 1970s, and thus the social environment in which hip hop music was created.

DJ Kool Herc and Coke La Rock provided an influence on the vocal style of rapping by delivering simple poetry verses over funk music breaks, after party-goers showed little interest in their previous attempts to integrate reggae-infused toasting into musical sets.[18][28] DJs and MCs would often add call and response chants, often consisting of a basic chorus, to allow the performer to gather his thoughts (e.g. "one, two, three, y'all, to the beat").

Later, the MCs grew more varied in their vocal and rhythmic delivery, incorporating brief rhymes, often with a sexual or scatological theme, in an effort to differentiate themselves and to entertain the audience. These early raps incorporated the dozens, a product of African American culture. Kool Herc & the Herculoids were the first hip hop group to gain recognition in New York,[28] but the number of MC teams increased over time.
Grandmaster Flash

Often these were collaborations between former gangs, such as Afrikaa Bambaataa's Universal Zulu Nation—now an international organization. Melle Mel, a rapper with The Furious Five is often credited with being the first rap lyricist to call himself an "MC".[29] During the early 1970s B-boying arose during block parties, as b-boys and b-girls got in front of the audience to dance in a distinctive and frenetic style. The style was documented for release to a world wide audience for the first time in documentaries and movies such as Style Wars, Wild Style, and Beat Street. The term "B-boy" was coined by DJ Kool Herc to describe the people who would wait for the break section of the song, getting in front of the audience to dance in a distinctive, frenetic style.[30]

Although there were many early MCs that recorded solo projects of note, such as DJ Hollywood, Kurtis Blow and Spoonie Gee, the frequency of solo artists did not increase until later with the rise of soloists with stage presence and drama, such as LL Cool J. Most early hip hop was dominated by groups where collaboration between the members was integral to the show.[31] An example would be the early hip hop group Funky F

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

Âm nhạc hip hopTừ Wikipedia tiếng ViệtBước tới: menu, tìm kiếmBài này nói về thể loại nhạc. Văn hóa nói chung, xem các Hip hop. Xem các nghĩa khác tại Hip hop (định hướng)Trang bán được bảo vệHip hopNguồn gốc phong cách Funk, disco, lồng, nhịp điệu và nhạc blues, reggae, dancehall, nia nướng bánh, hiệu suất thơ, lời nói, signifyin', The hàng chục, đi đi hát, nói chuyện bluesVăn hóa nguồn gốc những năm 1970, Bronx, New York CityNhạc cụ điển hình Turntable, tổng hợp, DAW, rap, drum machine, sampler, trống, guitar, bass, piano, beatboxing, giọng hátĐạo hàm các hình thức điện, breakbeat, oldschool rừng, và bass drum, trip hop, bụi bẩn, breakbeat hardcore, neo soul, big beatSubgenresAlternative hip hop-Turntablism-Christian hip hop-ý thức hip hop-thử nghiệm hip hop-Freestyle rap-Gangsta rap – Homo hop-Hardcore hip hop-Horrorcore-nhạc hip hop-Mafioso rap-Nerdcore-chính trị hip hop-Baltimore club – & g Bounce-gạch City club-rap-người Mỹ bản xứ hip hop-Jerkin'Tổng hợp các thể loạiQuốc gia rap-Úc hip hop-Hip hop soul-Hip house-Crunk-Hyphy-Jazz rap-Merenrap-Neo soul-Nu metal-Ragga-Reggaeton-Rap opera-Rap rock-Rapcore-Rap metal-Cumbia rap-trục trặc thấp Bap-Ghettotech-Merenrap-Hiplife-hop-Wonky – công nghiệp hip hop-mới jack swing-Psychedelic hip hopRegional scenesAtlanta hip hop – Bangladeshi hip hop – East Coast hip hop – West Coast hip hop – Southern hip hop – Midwest hip hop – Southwest hip hop – British hip hop – French hip hop – Kenyan hip hop – Japanese hip hop – Korean hip hop - Israeli hip hopHip hop music, also called hip-hop,[1][2] rap music,[2][3][4] or hip-hop music,[2][5] is a music genre consisting of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.[2] It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching, break dancing, and graffiti writing.[6][7][8] Other elements include sampling (or synthesis), and beatboxing.While often used to refer to rapping, "hip hop" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.[9][10] The term hip hop music is sometimes used synonymously with the term rap music,[2][5] though rapping is not a required component of hip hop music; the genre may also incorporate other elements of hip hop culture, including DJing and scratching, beatboxing, and instrumental tracks.[11][12]Contents 1 Origin of the term 2 1970s 2.1 Origins 2.2 Introduction of rapping 2.3 Influence of disco 2.4 Transition to recording 3 1980s 3.1 New school hip hop 3.2 Golden age hip hop 3.3 Gangsta rap and West Coast hip hop 4 1990s 4.1 Mainstream breakthrough 4.2 World hip hop 4.3 East vs. West rivalry 4.3.1 West Coast hip hop 4.3.2 East Coast hip hop 4.4 Diversification of styles 5 2000s and 2010s 5.1 World and national music 5.2 Crunk and snap music 5.3 Glitch hop and wonky music 5.4 Decline in sales 5.5 Innovation and revitalization 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksOrigin of the termCreation of the term hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five.[13] However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was still known as disco rap. It is believed that Cowboy created the term while teasing a friend who had just joined the U.S. Army, by scat singing the words "hip/hop/hip/hop" in a way that mimicked the rhythmic cadence of soldiers marching.[13] Cowboy later worked the "hip hop" cadence into a part of his stage performance, which was quickly used by other artists such as The Sugarhill Gang in "Rapper's Delight".[13]Universal Zulu Nation founder Afrika Bambaataa is credited with first using the term to describe the subculture in which the music belonged; although it is also suggested that it was a derogatory term to describe the type of music.[14] The first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice,[15] by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop.[16]1970sOrigins1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the Bronx, a venue used by Kool Herc that is often considered the birthplace of hip hopDJ Kool Herc, recognized as one of the earliest hip hop artists

Hip hop as music and culture formed during the 1970s when block parties became increasingly popular in New York City, particularly among African American youth residing in the Bronx.[17] Block parties incorporated DJs who played popular genres of music, especially funk and soul music. Due to the positive reception, DJs began isolating the percussive breaks of popular songs. This technique was then common in Jamaican dub music,[18] and was largely introduced into New York by immigrants from Jamaica and elsewhere in the Caribbean, including DJ Kool Herc, who is generally considered the father of hip hop.[by whom?] Because the percussive breaks in funk, soul and disco records were generally short, Herc and other DJs began using two turntables to extend the breaks.

Turntablist techniques – such as scratching (attributed to Grand Wizzard Theodore[19][20]), beat mixing and/or matching, and beat juggling – eventually developed along with the breaks, creating a base that could be rapped over, in a manner similar to signifying, as well as the art of toasting, another influence found in Jamaican dub music.[18][21]

Hip hop music in its infancy has been described as an outlet and a "voice" for the disenfranchised youth of low-economic areas,[22] as the culture reflected the social, economic and political realities of their lives.[23]
Introduction of rapping

Rapping, also referred to as MCing or emceeing, is a vocal style in which the artist speaks lyrically, in rhyme and verse, generally to an instrumental or synthesized beat. Beats, almost always in 4/4 time signature, can be created by sampling and/or sequencing portions of other songs by a producer.[24] They also incorporate synthesizers, drum machines, and live bands. Rappers may write, memorize, or improvise their lyrics and perform their works a cappella or to a beat.

Hip hop music predates the introduction of rapping into hip hop culture, and rap vocals are absent from many hip hop tracks, such as "Hip Hop, Be Bop (Don’t Stop)" by Man Parrish; "Chinese Arithmetic" by Eric B. & Rakim; "Al-Naafiysh (The Soul)" and "We're Rocking the Planet" by Hashim; and "Destination Earth" by Newcleus. However, the majority of the genre has been accompanied by rap vocals, including female rappers. Bronx artist MC Sha Rock, member of the Funky Four Plus One is credited with performing the first female hip hop rap. [25] The Sequence, a hip hop trio signed to Sugar Hill Records in the early '80's, were the first all female group to release a rap record, Funk You Up.

The roots of rapping are found in African-American music and ultimately African music, particularly that of the griots of West African culture.[26] The African-American traditions of signifyin', the dozens, and jazz poetry all influence hip hop music, as well as the call and response patterns of African and African-American religious ceremonies. Soul singer James Brown, and musical 'comedy' acts such as Rudy Ray Moore and Blowfly are often considered "godfathers" of hip hop music.[citation needed]

Within New York City, performances of spoken-word poetry and music by artists such as The Last Poets, Gil Scott-Heron[27] and Jalal Mansur Nuriddin had a significant impact on the post-civil rights era culture of the 1960s and 1970s, and thus the social environment in which hip hop music was created.

DJ Kool Herc and Coke La Rock provided an influence on the vocal style of rapping by delivering simple poetry verses over funk music breaks, after party-goers showed little interest in their previous attempts to integrate reggae-infused toasting into musical sets.[18][28] DJs and MCs would often add call and response chants, often consisting of a basic chorus, to allow the performer to gather his thoughts (e.g. "one, two, three, y'all, to the beat").

Later, the MCs grew more varied in their vocal and rhythmic delivery, incorporating brief rhymes, often with a sexual or scatological theme, in an effort to differentiate themselves and to entertain the audience. These early raps incorporated the dozens, a product of African American culture. Kool Herc & the Herculoids were the first hip hop group to gain recognition in New York,[28] but the number of MC teams increased over time.
Grandmaster Flash

Often these were collaborations between former gangs, such as Afrikaa Bambaataa's Universal Zulu Nation—now an international organization. Melle Mel, a rapper with The Furious Five is often credited with being the first rap lyricist to call himself an "MC".[29] During the early 1970s B-boying arose during block parties, as b-boys and b-girls got in front of the audience to dance in a distinctive and frenetic style. The style was documented for release to a world wide audience for the first time in documentaries and movies such as Style Wars, Wild Style, and Beat Street. The term "B-boy" was coined by DJ Kool Herc to describe the people who would wait for the break section of the song, getting in front of the audience to dance in a distinctive, frenetic style.[30]

Although there were many early MCs that recorded solo projects of note, such as DJ Hollywood, Kurtis Blow and Spoonie Gee, the frequency of solo artists did not increase until later with the rise of soloists with stage presence and drama, such as LL Cool J. Most early hip hop was dominated by groups where collaboration between the members was integral to the show.[31] An example would be the early hip hop group Funky F