Anthocyanins, a subgroup of water-soluble flavonoids which occur naturally in theplant kingdom, are responsible for many of the colors observed in nature(Pazmiño-Durán, Giusti, Wrolstad, & Glória, 2001a). The basic structure ofanthocyanins consists of two or three chemical units: an aglycon base (also termed“anthocyanidin”), sugars, and organic acids in the case of acylated anthocyanins(Manach, Scalbert, Morand, Remesy, & Jimenez, 2004; Mercadante & Bobbio, 2008;Merken & Beecher, 2000). Anthocyanidins consist of three rings: the A-ring is anaromatic ring and it is bonded to a heterocyclic, oxygen-containing C-ring, which is inturn bonded by a carbon-carbon bond to the aromatic B-ring (Figure 2.1).
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