The nature and scope of ethics: Ethics are the moralprinciples that an individual uses in governing his or herbehaviour. It is the personal criteria by which anindividual distinguishes “right or wrong” (Ogbonna andAppah, 2011). According to Ogbonna (2010), when wetalk about ethics and ethical values, we mean our concernabout things, which we think, say and/or practice that maynot necessarily violate the rules of the organization orinfringe the law of the land or amount to outright crime orfelony, but which borders on our sense of morality, oursense of right and wrong. They concern issues likeconflict of interest, insider’s dealings, compromisingintegrity, objectivity, independence, confidentiality,disclosure of official secret and destruction of officialdocuments for financial benefits and other similar actsthat are against moral principles and ethical standards.Nwagboso (2008) argues that ethics or morality as mattersof good and evil, right and wrong and subscribes to thefact that “we are living today in an ethical wilderness”.Nwagboso believes that ethics is in ferment and chaosamong all people. Hayes et al. (1999) say ethics representa set of moral principles, rules of conduct or values.Ethics apply when an individual has to make a decisionfrom various alternative regarding moral principles.Ethical behaviour is necessary for society to function inan orderly manner. The need for ethics in society issufficiently important that integrity, loyalty, and pursuitof excellence cannot be incorporated into law. Theyfurther stated that the following ethical principlesincorporate the characteristics most people associate withethical behaviour: honesty, integrity, promise keeping,loyalty, fairness, caring for others, respect for others,pursuit of excellence and accountability.
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