Take a Close Look at the Managers and How They View Knowledge TransferManagers and leaders set the tone for how a department, a division, or the entire firm should perform. Within the framework of knowledge management practices, managers are expected to create a culture or an organizational climate that sets work norms and values the transfer of knowledge to produce value-added products and services. It is an effective way to bridge the knowledge-action gap.In order to make the change possible, managers are put through specialized training to understand the transformation process. Knowing about the knowing-doing gap is superficial without the action that must follow. The mind-set has to change before change can be made in the business. Much depends on management practices that come from the company’s philosophy that values innovation, creativity, and an attitude of action. Those who have been with the organization a long time may find it difficult to adopt the change. As a result, they have to be replaced, transferred to stand-alone jobs, or offered an early retirement package.* Assess Employee Job Satisfaction and the Stability of the WorkplaceThe success of knowledge transfer and knowledge sharing depends to a great extent on how satisfied employees are on the job and the turnover rate in the workplace. For knowledge transfer to be effective, employees have to work in a culture that accommodates transfer, and they must apply and share transferred knowledge in an environment of trust and trustworthiness. Regardless of these factors, employees must be satisfied with the status quo if they are to cooperate and collaborate with others as a team.Job satisfaction is derived from the degree of match between an employee’s vocational needs and the requirements of the job. The major known vocational needs include the following:
• Ability utilization ♦ Recognition
• Achievement • Responsibility
• Activity • Security
• Advancement • Status
• Authority • Supervision—human relations
• Compensation • Supervision —technical
• Creativity • Variety
• Independence • Working conditions
• Moral values
As proposed in Figure 9.3, job satisfaction is a function of the degree to which employee vocational needs are met by what the job offers to satisfy the needs. For example, if an employee values recognition highly and the job does not recognize employee performance, the mismatch makes an employee wonder if it is worth contin. uing on the job. The same view applies to all other needs listed earlier. The sum of the squared difference of these needs becomes an index of satisfaction. The lower the sat- isfaction index, the higher the employee’s job satisfaction.
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