The single greatest threat to global biodiversity is the human destruction of natural habitats. Since the invention of agriculture about 10,000 years ago, the human population has increased from approximately five million to the current six billion. During that time, but especially in the past several centuries, humans have radically transformed Earth. The conversion of forests, grasslands and wetlands for agricultural purposes, coupled with the multiplication and growth of urban centers and the building of dams and canals, highways and railways, physically has altered ecosystems to the current alarming pace of species extinction.
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