Fig. 2.7. A low cost Savonius wind turbine with rotors arranged 90 out of phaseGiromills. Darrieus rotor usually works at high tip speed ratio which makes it attractive for wind electric generators. However, they are not self-starting and require external ‘excitation’ to cut-in. Moreover, the rotor produces peak torque only twice per revolution.Savonius rotorThe Savonius wind turbine, invented by S.J. Savonius, is a vertical axis machineconsisting of two half cylindrical (or elliptical) blades arranged in ‘S’ shape (Fig.2.7). Convex side of one of the half cylinder and the concave side of the other arefacing the wind at a time as shown in Fig. 2.8. The basic driving force of Savoniusrotor is drag. The drag coefficient of a concave surface is more than the convexsurface. Hence, the half cylinder with concave side facing the wind will experi-ence more drag force than the other cylinder, thus forcing the rotor to rotate. Sometimes two or more rotors fixed one over the other at 90 offset may be used to Osmoothen the torque fluctuations during rotation. Another way to improve the performance is to attach deflector augmenters with the rotor. The augmenter shadesthe convex half facing the wind and directs the flow to the concave half thus en-hancing the performance.Being drag machines, Savonius rotors have relatively lower power coefficient.However, some experimental rotors have shown power coefficient upto 35 percent. These rotors have high solidity and thus high starting torque
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