how these wonderful effects are pro

how these wonderful effects are produced. The condenser is the most wonderful instrument, as I have stated in my
writings, because it enables us to attain greater activities than are practical with explosives. There is no limit to the
energy which you can develop with a condenser. There is a limit to the energy which you can develop with an explosive.
A common experiment, for instance, in my laboratory on Houston Street, was to pass through a coil energy at a rate of
several thousand horsepower, put a piece of thick tinfoil on a stick, and approach it to that coil. The tinfoil would melt,
and would not only melt, but while it was still in that form, it would be evaporated and the whole process took place in so
small an interval of time that it was like a cannon shot. Instantly I put it there, there was an explosion. That was a striking
experiment. It simply showed the power of the condenser, and at that time I was so reckless that in order to demonstrate
to my visitors that my theories were correct, I would stick my head into that coil and I was not hurt; but, I would not do it
now.
Figure 39
Apparatus furnishing direct currents of high tension,
producing undamped electrical oscillations of high
frequency. (This is also shown in [Fig. 27]). Apparatus built in
1895. [Fig. 39] shows a four-phase machine which was furnished
me by the Westinghouse Electric Company at the close of 1895.
My laboratory burned out in May, and I urged my friend, Mr. Albert
Schmidt, who was the Superintendent, to give me this alternator
as soon as possible. He worked day and night until he got it out,
and he certainly did notable work because while the machine was
rated at 30 horsepower, I have run it at 150 horsepower.
By the way, and this is a painful reflection, it was Schmidt and I
who developed this type of frame and this general arrangement
which is universally adopted now -- a base, with the magnets cast
below, split at the center line, and a corresponding upper part.
That is now used everywhere. I remember years ago, some of my
friends, Messrs. Crocker and Wheeler, started with those long
magnets and I told them, "The sooner you throw these away and
adopt this construction, the better it will be for you." They have got
it now; it is all right.
Counsel : How is this machine [Fig. 39] shown in connection with that?
Tesla : This dynamo [Fig. 39], you see, is a two-phase machine; that is, I develop from it currents of two-phase. Now,
there are four transformers. You see them down here [lower left of Fig. 39] that furnish the primary energy. From these
two phases I develop four phases. [However,] this involves something else which I have referred to before; namely, an
arrangement which enables me to produce from these alternating currents direct currents and undamped -- absolutely
undamped -- isochronous oscillations of any period I like.
This is accomplished in the following manner: The secondaries of the four transformers could each develop 44,000 volts.
They were specially built for me by the Westinghouse Company. They could, however, be connected in such a way that
each would give 11,000 volts, and then I would take these 11,000 volts and these four phases and commutate them by a
commutator consisting of aluminum plates, or aluminum segments, which were rotated in synchronism with the
alternator. Then I obtained a continuous pressure; that is, direct current of a tension of 44,000 volts, and with these
44,000 volts I charged my condensers. Then by discharging the condensers, either through a stationary gap or through a
gap with a mechanical interrupter, I obtained any frequency I desired, and perfectly undamped waves. This arrangement
was installed in 1901 in my wireless plant at Long Island, with which I was to telephone around the world.
Counsel : Who built that machine?
http://www.frank.germano.com/tesla_alternate.htm (14 of 20)2004/11/22 09:47:56 AM
Nikola Tesla On His Work With Alternating Currents
Tesla : The Westinghouse Company, [under direction of] Mr. Albert Schmidt, Superintendent. It was especially built for
me and furnished to my laboratory on Houston Street. While I was with the Westinghouse Company, I did two things in
addition to bringing my motors to them. I had discovered that Bessemer steel was a much better material for
transformers and motors than the soft iron which was previously used. When I came to Pittsburgh, my motors gave
results which their motors could not at first produce, and I told them that I had used Bessemer steel. I discovered, in
following up the analysis of the steels which were used, that the Bessemer was not steel but really soft iron. The
Westinghouse people then adopted my suggestion. At first, Mr. Shallenberger and other electricians there objected very
much, but I persuaded them and when the transformers were built we found that we could get 2 1/2 times the output we
got before.
The Westinghouse people kept it a secret for a long time and no one understood how they could make such fine
transformers, but all they did was to use the Bessemer steel, on my suggestion, instead of the soft iron the General
Electric and other people used. Mr. Westinghouse especially requested me to join efforts with Mr. Schmidt and improve
the design of his machines, and we did so. We evolved this design, introduced the ready-made coils, which are pressed
on the armature, and other improvements. I took a couple of patents out with Mr. Schmidt, and Mr. Westinghouse was
very nice about it. I think he compensated me with $10,000, or something like that, for my suggestions.
Counsel : You have spoken of the use of that machine at Houston Street. In what way was it used?
Tesla : I used this machine, as I said, either to produce alter- nating currents and then interrupt them with a mechanical
break at the high peaks of the wave; or, I used alternating currents and interrupted them with an independent rotating
break having a great number of teeth. Or, I generated continuous currents by commutating the high tension alternating
currents of the transformer. At that time I had two transformers from which I obtained a constant pressure, charged the
condenser, and produced undamped waves of any frequency I wanted. As to the machine here [Fig. 39], that is the way
it was arranged. It was for the generation of continuous electromotive force and production of undamped waves -- from
1895 and on.
Counsel : What sort of apparatus was it connected up to for the purpose of absorbing these waves?
Tesla : It was the same as shown here [Fig. 38]. It was con- nected to the condensers, and these condensers were
discharged through a primary which excited the secondary; the antenna was included in the secondary. At other times
we discharged the condensers directly so that I could use the antenna without the secondary.
Counsel : In the same way did you note the operation of these waves?
Tesla : We did, of course, only in most cases the instrument of reception was different. When I operated with these
continuous, or undamped, waves, generated in this way, I usually went to high frequencies. I did operate [at] a very few
thousand, but that gave me a smaller output. Such a machine you have to operate at high frequencies to get power.
Counsel : What do you mean by high frequencies?
Tesla : I mean frequencies of 30,000, 40,000, 50,000, or something like that.
Counsel : And by means of that machine, you put undamped waves of frequency about 50,000 into that antenna at
Houston Street in 1895?
Tesla : No, not in 1895. Late in 1895 the machine was furnished and I began to operate in early 1896. That is when I
began to operate.
Counsel : Then you did this, that I speak of, in 1896?
Tesla : Yes, from 1896 to 1899, right along.

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

làm thế nào các tác dụng tuyệt vời được sản xuất. Ngưng tụ là công cụ tuyệt vời nhất, như tôi đã nêu trong của tôitác phẩm, bởi vì nó cho phép chúng tôi để đạt được các hoạt động lớn hơn là thực tế với vật liệu nổ. Không giới hạn để cácnăng lượng mà bạn có thể phát triển với một bình ngưng. Đó là một giới hạn năng lượng mà bạn có thể phát triển với một chất nổ.Một thử nghiệm phổ biến, ví dụ, trong những phòng thí nghiệm của tôi với Houston Street, đã đi qua một năng lượng cuộn dây tốc độmột vài nghìn mã lực, đặt một miếng dày tinfoil trên một thanh, và cách tiếp cận nó với cuộn đó. Tinfoil sẽ tan chảy,và sẽ không chỉ tan chảy, nhưng trong khi nó vẫn còn ở dạng đó, nó sẽ được bốc hơi và toàn bộ quá trình diễn ra tại vì vậynhỏ một khoảng thời gian mà nó đã như một khẩu pháo bắn. Ngay lập tức tôi đặt nó ở đó, đã có một vụ nổ. Đó cũng là một nổi bậtthử nghiệm. Nó chỉ đơn giản là cho thấy sức mạnh của bình ngưng, và tại thời điểm đó tôi đã thiếu thận trọng như vậy mà để chứng minhđể khách truy cập của tôi rằng lý thuyết của tôi đã đúng, tôi sẽ dính đầu của tôi vào đó cuộn và tôi đã không làm tổn thương; Tuy nhiên, tôi sẽ không làm điều đóbây giờ.Con số 39Thiết bị trang trí nội thất trực tiếp dòng căng thẳng cao,sản xuất kiểu điện dao động của caotần số. (Điều này cũng hiển thị trong [hình 27]). Bộ máy được xây dựng1895. [hình 39] cho thấy máy bốn giai đoạn được trang bị nội thấttôi bởi công ty điện Westinghouse lúc kết thúc năm 1895.Phòng thí nghiệm của tôi bị đốt cháy tháng năm, và tôi kêu gọi bạn bè của tôi, ông AlbertSchmidt, những người đã là giám đốc, để cung cấp cho tôi này phát điệnCàng sớm càng tốt. Ông đã làm việc ngày đêm cho đến khi ông đã nhận nó ra,và ông chắc chắn đã làm công việc đáng chú ý, bởi vì trong khi chiếc máy bayđược xếp hạng 30 mã lực, tôi đã chạy nó tại 150 mã lực.Bằng cách này, và điều này là một sự phản ánh đau đớn, nó là Schmidt và tôinhững người phát triển loại khung và sắp xếp chung nàyđó là phổ chấp nhận bây giờ - một cơ sở, với nam châm đúcdưới đây, tách đường trung tâm, và một phần trên tương ứng.Mà bây giờ được sử dụng ở khắp mọi nơi. Tôi nhớ năm trước, một số của tôibạn bè, Messrs. Crocker và Wheeler, bắt đầu với những dàiNam châm và tôi nói với họ, "sớm hơn bạn ném chúng đi vàáp dụng xây dựng này, thì tốt hơn nó sẽ cho bạn." Họ đã nhậnnó bây giờ; rồi.Tư vấn: Làm thế nào máy này [hình 39] Hiển thị liên quan đến đó?Tesla: Máy phát điện này [hình 39], bạn thấy, là một máy two-phase; có nghĩa là, tôi phát triển từ đó dòng của two-phase. Bây giờ,chúng ta có bốn máy biến áp. Bạn nhìn thấy chúng ở đây [thấp hơn bên trái của hình 39] cung cấp năng lượng chính. Từ đâyhai giai đoạn tôi phát triển bốn giai đoạn. [Tuy nhiên,] điều này liên quan đến cái gì khác mà tôi đã giới thiệu đến trước; cụ thể là, mộtsắp xếp cho phép tôi để sản xuất từ các dòng trực tiếp dòng điện xoay chiều và kiểu--hoàn toànkiểu--isochronous dao động của bất kỳ khoảng thời gian tôi thích.Điều này được thực hiện theo cách sau đây: trạm con của các máy biến áp 4 mỗi có thể phát triển 44.000 volt.They were specially built for me by the Westinghouse Company. They could, however, be connected in such a way thateach would give 11,000 volts, and then I would take these 11,000 volts and these four phases and commutate them by acommutator consisting of aluminum plates, or aluminum segments, which were rotated in synchronism with thealternator. Then I obtained a continuous pressure; that is, direct current of a tension of 44,000 volts, and with these44,000 volts I charged my condensers. Then by discharging the condensers, either through a stationary gap or through agap with a mechanical interrupter, I obtained any frequency I desired, and perfectly undamped waves. This arrangementwas installed in 1901 in my wireless plant at Long Island, with which I was to telephone around the world.Counsel : Who built that machine?http://www.frank.germano.com/tesla_alternate.htm (14 of 20)2004/11/22 09:47:56 AMNikola Tesla On His Work With Alternating CurrentsTesla : The Westinghouse Company, [under direction of] Mr. Albert Schmidt, Superintendent. It was especially built forme and furnished to my laboratory on Houston Street. While I was with the Westinghouse Company, I did two things inaddition to bringing my motors to them. I had discovered that Bessemer steel was a much better material fortransformers and motors than the soft iron which was previously used. When I came to Pittsburgh, my motors gaveresults which their motors could not at first produce, and I told them that I had used Bessemer steel. I discovered, infollowing up the analysis of the steels which were used, that the Bessemer was not steel but really soft iron. TheWestinghouse people then adopted my suggestion. At first, Mr. Shallenberger and other electricians there objected verymuch, but I persuaded them and when the transformers were built we found that we could get 2 1/2 times the output wegot before.The Westinghouse people kept it a secret for a long time and no one understood how they could make such finetransformers, but all they did was to use the Bessemer steel, on my suggestion, instead of the soft iron the GeneralElectric and other people used. Mr. Westinghouse especially requested me to join efforts with Mr. Schmidt and improvethe design of his machines, and we did so. We evolved this design, introduced the ready-made coils, which are pressedon the armature, and other improvements. I took a couple of patents out with Mr. Schmidt, and Mr. Westinghouse wasvery nice about it. I think he compensated me with $10,000, or something like that, for my suggestions.Counsel : You have spoken of the use of that machine at Houston Street. In what way was it used?Tesla : I used this machine, as I said, either to produce alter- nating currents and then interrupt them with a mechanicalbreak at the high peaks of the wave; or, I used alternating currents and interrupted them with an independent rotatingbreak having a great number of teeth. Or, I generated continuous currents by commutating the high tension alternatingcurrents of the transformer. At that time I had two transformers from which I obtained a constant pressure, charged thecondenser, and produced undamped waves of any frequency I wanted. As to the machine here [Fig. 39], that is the wayit was arranged. It was for the generation of continuous electromotive force and production of undamped waves -- from1895 and on.Counsel : What sort of apparatus was it connected up to for the purpose of absorbing these waves?Tesla : It was the same as shown here [Fig. 38]. It was con- nected to the condensers, and these condensers weredischarged through a primary which excited the secondary; the antenna was included in the secondary. At other timeswe discharged the condensers directly so that I could use the antenna without the secondary.Counsel : In the same way did you note the operation of these waves?Tesla : We did, of course, only in most cases the instrument of reception was different. When I operated with thesecontinuous, or undamped, waves, generated in this way, I usually went to high frequencies. I did operate [at] a very fewthousand, but that gave me a smaller output. Such a machine you have to operate at high frequencies to get power.Counsel : What do you mean by high frequencies?Tesla : I mean frequencies of 30,000, 40,000, 50,000, or something like that.Tư vấn: Và bằng phương tiện của máy đó, bạn đặt kiểu sóng tần số khoảng 50.000 vào đó ăng-ten tạiHao-xtơn Street năm 1895?Tesla: Không, không phải trong năm 1895. Cuối năm 1895 máy được trang bị nội thất và tôi bắt đầu hoạt động vào đầu năm 1896. Đó là khi tôibắt đầu hoạt động.Tư vấn: Sau đó bạn đã làm điều này, mà tôi nói về, năm 1896?Tesla: Có, từ năm 1896 đến năm 1899, ngay dọc theo.