The real reason shifting power to nighttime use is “Green” is that it is much more efficient to produce and deliver power at night versus during the peak times of the day. Numerous studies[3, 7] have demonstrated that for many reasons you use less fuel to make an off-peak kWh. The reasons included off-peak base load plants are much more energy efficient than on-peak plants, line losses are also less and spinning reserve requirements are less. In addition to the reduction in emissions because of the need for less fuel, the peaking power plants that are the last to come online during a hot summer day are normally the dirtiest. In another report[8] done for the State of California, it is reported that the last power plants to come online are “almost twice” as dirty as the base load plants. These two reasons add up to a big environmental advantage to reducing peak load and shifting it to off-peak hours by utilizing storage.
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