P9 : the use of the marriage metaphor in exploring BCRs distors and inhibits conceptualization .
The normative values associated with the marriage metaphor limit understanding of BCRs . Therefore , the full range of metaphors which cover relationships between the sexes , including stalking , rape , polygamy and prostitution , could be more usefully employed ( Tynan , 1997). Indeed , questions have also been raised about the utility of direct marketing approaches in relationship building ( cf Barnes , 1994 , 1995 ; Fournier et at , 1998 ; Hogg et at 1993; O’malley et at ., 1997, 1998 ; rowe and barnes , 1998 ). The employment of direct and database marketing in operationalising RM may actually undermine the process of relationship development , because what markets call “ intimacy “ ( Treacy and Wieserma , 1993 ) many consumers view as “ intrusive “ ( O’Malley et at 1997 ) . The proplem is that “ far too many firms have focused their energies on database building rather than relationship building “ ( O’Malley et at ., 1997 , p.553 ) and have , therefore , ignored the need for customers’ voluntary participation in the process . Indeed , privacy issues associalted with direct marketing have emerged as a significant issue in the latter part of the 1990s ( Milne et at ., 1996 ; Nowak and phelps , 1995 ; Patterson et at ., 1997 ; Petrison and Wang , 1995)
Despite suggestions that RM is far less manipulative than the mix management paradigm ( Gronroos , 1994 ; Sheth and Parvatiyar , 1995a ) approaches to implementation are more closely associated with the goals of direct marketing rather than the philosophy of RM . Within such a conceptualisation , issues of oranisationl profit , segmentation and customer manipulation remain paramount , and more worrying issues of customer exclusion ( cespedes and smith , 1993 ) are raised . Not only does this have social responsibility implications , it runs contrary to notions of mutual benefit and relationship enhancement . Whether RM is an alternative to the mix paradigm ( Gronroos , 1994 ) or whether both paradigms are complimentary ( Gummesson 1994 ) is an important , yet unresolved , issues . This is because customer are either “ active partners “ or “ passive targets “ –they cannot be both . Although practitioners many espouse the former , their actions suggest that they remain embedded within the latter perspective thus :
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