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v Contents About the Authors ....
v
Contents
About the Authors ................................................................................................ xix
About the Technical Reviewers ........................................................................... xxi
Acknowledgments .............................................................................................. xxii
Introduction ....................................................................................................... xxiv
Chapter 1: The Basics ............................................................................................. 1
Electricity ........................................................................................................................... 2
Electrical Analogy .............................................................................................................
........................ 3
Electrical Basics ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Circuits ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Measuring Electricity..........................................................................................................
...................... 7
Multi-Meters ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Measuring Voltage..............................................................................................................
...................... 8
Measuring Amperage .............................................................................................................
.................. 9
Measuring Capacitance ..........................................................................................................
.................. 9
Measuring Resistance ...........................................................................................................
................. 10
Calculating Resistor Power Using Ohm’s Law.....................................................................................
... 11
Oscilloscope ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Loads ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
Electrical Connections .........................................................................................................
................... 14
Electronics ....................................................................................................................... 15
Semi-Conductors.................................................................................................................................... 16
Datasheets.....................................................................................................................
......................... 16
www.it-ebooks.info
CONTENTS
vi
Integrated Circuits ............................................................................................................
...................... 17
Through-Hole Components........................................................................................................
............. 18
Arduino Primer................................................................................................................. 20
Arduino Variants ...............................................................................................................
...................... 20
Arduino IDE ............................................................................................................................................. 23
The Sketch.....................................................................................................................
......................... 24
Signals.................................................................................................................................................... 26
Building Circuits..............................................................................................................
.35
Circuit Design ......................................................................................................................................... 35
Schematics ............................................................................................................................................. 36
Prototyping ............................................................................................................................................. 40
Building a Robot .............................................................................................................. 4
6
Hardware ................................................................................................................................................ 46
Materials................................................................................................................................................. 48
Work Area ............................................................................................................................................... 48
Summary ........................................................................................................................
.49
Chapter 2: Arduino for Robotics ........................................................................... 51
Interfacing Arduino .......................................................................................................... 51
Relays ..................................................................................................................................................... 52
Transistors.............................................................................................................................................. 58
Interfacing a Motor-Controller .................................................................................................
............... 65
User Control ..................................................................................................................... 68
Tethered (Wired) Control .......................................................................................................
................. 68
Infrared Control (IR) ................................................................................................................................ 68
Radio Control Systems ..........................................................................................................
................. 69
Sensor Navigation............................................................................................................ 72
Contact Sensing................................................................................................................
...................... 72
Distance and Reflection Sensing ................................................................................................
............ 73
www.it-ebooks.info
CONTENTS
vii
Orientation (Positioning) ......................................................................................................
................... 76
Non-Autonomous Sensors .........................................................................................................
............. 79
Summary ........................................................................................................................
.81
Chapter 3: Let’s Get Moving.................................................................................. 83
Electric Motors................................................................................................................
.83
Brushed DC Motor (Permanent Magnet Type) .......................................................................................
.84
Brushless Motors.................................................................................................................................... 84
Stepper Motors ....................................................................................................................................... 85
Gear Motors ....................................................................................................................
........................ 86
Servo Motors .......................................................................................................................................... 86
Linear Actuators ..................................................................................................................................... 87
Calculating Power..............................................................................................................
..................... 87
Driving .................................................................................................................................................... 88
Finding the Right Motor ........................................................................................................
.................. 88
The H-Bridge...................................................................................................................
.89
Generating a Brake .............................................................................................................
.................... 90
Implementation....................................................................................................................................... 90
H-Bridge ICs ....................................................................................................................
Contents
About the Authors ................................................................................................ xix
About the Technical Reviewers ........................................................................... xxi
Acknowledgments .............................................................................................. xxii
Introduction ....................................................................................................... xxiv
Chapter 1: The Basics ............................................................................................. 1
Electricity ........................................................................................................................... 2
Electrical Analogy .............................................................................................................
........................ 3
Electrical Basics ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Circuits ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Measuring Electricity..........................................................................................................
...................... 7
Multi-Meters ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Measuring Voltage..............................................................................................................
...................... 8
Measuring Amperage .............................................................................................................
.................. 9
Measuring Capacitance ..........................................................................................................
.................. 9
Measuring Resistance ...........................................................................................................
................. 10
Calculating Resistor Power Using Ohm’s Law.....................................................................................
... 11
Oscilloscope ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Loads ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
Electrical Connections .........................................................................................................
................... 14
Electronics ....................................................................................................................... 15
Semi-Conductors.................................................................................................................................... 16
Datasheets.....................................................................................................................
......................... 16
www.it-ebooks.info
CONTENTS
vi
Integrated Circuits ............................................................................................................
...................... 17
Through-Hole Components........................................................................................................
............. 18
Arduino Primer................................................................................................................. 20
Arduino Variants ...............................................................................................................
...................... 20
Arduino IDE ............................................................................................................................................. 23
The Sketch.....................................................................................................................
......................... 24
Signals.................................................................................................................................................... 26
Building Circuits..............................................................................................................
.35
Circuit Design ......................................................................................................................................... 35
Schematics ............................................................................................................................................. 36
Prototyping ............................................................................................................................................. 40
Building a Robot .............................................................................................................. 4
6
Hardware ................................................................................................................................................ 46
Materials................................................................................................................................................. 48
Work Area ............................................................................................................................................... 48
Summary ........................................................................................................................
.49
Chapter 2: Arduino for Robotics ........................................................................... 51
Interfacing Arduino .......................................................................................................... 51
Relays ..................................................................................................................................................... 52
Transistors.............................................................................................................................................. 58
Interfacing a Motor-Controller .................................................................................................
............... 65
User Control ..................................................................................................................... 68
Tethered (Wired) Control .......................................................................................................
................. 68
Infrared Control (IR) ................................................................................................................................ 68
Radio Control Systems ..........................................................................................................
................. 69
Sensor Navigation............................................................................................................ 72
Contact Sensing................................................................................................................
...................... 72
Distance and Reflection Sensing ................................................................................................
............ 73
www.it-ebooks.info
CONTENTS
vii
Orientation (Positioning) ......................................................................................................
................... 76
Non-Autonomous Sensors .........................................................................................................
............. 79
Summary ........................................................................................................................
.81
Chapter 3: Let’s Get Moving.................................................................................. 83
Electric Motors................................................................................................................
.83
Brushed DC Motor (Permanent Magnet Type) .......................................................................................
.84
Brushless Motors.................................................................................................................................... 84
Stepper Motors ....................................................................................................................................... 85
Gear Motors ....................................................................................................................
........................ 86
Servo Motors .......................................................................................................................................... 86
Linear Actuators ..................................................................................................................................... 87
Calculating Power..............................................................................................................
..................... 87
Driving .................................................................................................................................................... 88
Finding the Right Motor ........................................................................................................
.................. 88
The H-Bridge...................................................................................................................
.89
Generating a Brake .............................................................................................................
.................... 90
Implementation....................................................................................................................................... 90
H-Bridge ICs ....................................................................................................................
0/5000
v Contents About the Authors ................................................................................................ xix About the Technical Reviewers ........................................................................... xxi Acknowledgments .............................................................................................. xxii Introduction ....................................................................................................... xxiv Chapter 1: The Basics ............................................................................................. 1 Electricity ........................................................................................................................... 2Electrical Analogy ..................................................................................................................................... 3Electrical Basics ....................................................................................................................................... 4Circuits ..................................................................................................................................................... 6Measuring Electricity................................................................................................................................ 7Multi-Meters ............................................................................................................................................. 7Measuring Voltage.................................................................................................................................... 8Measuring Amperage ............................................................................................................................... 9Measuring Capacitance ............................................................................................................................ 9Measuring Resistance ............................................................................................................................ 10Calculating Resistor Power Using Ohm’s Law........................................................................................ 11Oscilloscope ........................................................................................................................................... 12Loads ...................................................................................................................................................... 13Electrical Connections ............................................................................................................................ 14Electronics ....................................................................................................................... 15Semi-Conductors.................................................................................................................................... 16Datasheets.............................................................................................................................................. 16www.it-ebooks.info CONTENTS vi Integrated Circuits .................................................................................................................................. 17Through-Hole Components..................................................................................................................... 18Arduino Primer................................................................................................................. 20Arduino Variants ..................................................................................................................................... 20Arduino IDE ............................................................................................................................................. 23The Sketch.............................................................................................................................................. 24Signals.................................................................................................................................................... 26Building Circuits...............................................................................................................35Circuit Design ......................................................................................................................................... 35Schematics ............................................................................................................................................. 36
Prototyping ............................................................................................................................................. 40
Building a Robot .............................................................................................................. 4
6
Hardware ................................................................................................................................................ 46
Materials................................................................................................................................................. 48
Work Area ............................................................................................................................................... 48
Summary ........................................................................................................................
.49
Chapter 2: Arduino for Robotics ........................................................................... 51
Interfacing Arduino .......................................................................................................... 51
Relays ..................................................................................................................................................... 52
Transistors.............................................................................................................................................. 58
Interfacing a Motor-Controller .................................................................................................
............... 65
User Control ..................................................................................................................... 68
Tethered (Wired) Control .......................................................................................................
................. 68
Infrared Control (IR) ................................................................................................................................ 68
Radio Control Systems ..........................................................................................................
................. 69
Sensor Navigation............................................................................................................ 72
Contact Sensing................................................................................................................
...................... 72
Distance and Reflection Sensing ................................................................................................
............ 73
www.it-ebooks.info
CONTENTS
vii
Orientation (Positioning) ......................................................................................................
................... 76
Non-Autonomous Sensors .........................................................................................................
............. 79
Summary ........................................................................................................................
.81
Chapter 3: Let’s Get Moving.................................................................................. 83
Electric Motors................................................................................................................
.83
Brushed DC Motor (Permanent Magnet Type) .......................................................................................
.84
Brushless Motors.................................................................................................................................... 84
Stepper Motors ....................................................................................................................................... 85
Gear Motors ....................................................................................................................
........................ 86
Servo Motors .......................................................................................................................................... 86
Linear Actuators ..................................................................................................................................... 87
Calculating Power..............................................................................................................
..................... 87
Driving .................................................................................................................................................... 88
Finding the Right Motor ........................................................................................................
.................. 88
The H-Bridge...................................................................................................................
.89
Generating a Brake .............................................................................................................
.................... 90
Implementation....................................................................................................................................... 90
H-Bridge ICs ....................................................................................................................
Prototyping ............................................................................................................................................. 40
Building a Robot .............................................................................................................. 4
6
Hardware ................................................................................................................................................ 46
Materials................................................................................................................................................. 48
Work Area ............................................................................................................................................... 48
Summary ........................................................................................................................
.49
Chapter 2: Arduino for Robotics ........................................................................... 51
Interfacing Arduino .......................................................................................................... 51
Relays ..................................................................................................................................................... 52
Transistors.............................................................................................................................................. 58
Interfacing a Motor-Controller .................................................................................................
............... 65
User Control ..................................................................................................................... 68
Tethered (Wired) Control .......................................................................................................
................. 68
Infrared Control (IR) ................................................................................................................................ 68
Radio Control Systems ..........................................................................................................
................. 69
Sensor Navigation............................................................................................................ 72
Contact Sensing................................................................................................................
...................... 72
Distance and Reflection Sensing ................................................................................................
............ 73
www.it-ebooks.info
CONTENTS
vii
Orientation (Positioning) ......................................................................................................
................... 76
Non-Autonomous Sensors .........................................................................................................
............. 79
Summary ........................................................................................................................
.81
Chapter 3: Let’s Get Moving.................................................................................. 83
Electric Motors................................................................................................................
.83
Brushed DC Motor (Permanent Magnet Type) .......................................................................................
.84
Brushless Motors.................................................................................................................................... 84
Stepper Motors ....................................................................................................................................... 85
Gear Motors ....................................................................................................................
........................ 86
Servo Motors .......................................................................................................................................... 86
Linear Actuators ..................................................................................................................................... 87
Calculating Power..............................................................................................................
..................... 87
Driving .................................................................................................................................................... 88
Finding the Right Motor ........................................................................................................
.................. 88
The H-Bridge...................................................................................................................
.89
Generating a Brake .............................................................................................................
.................... 90
Implementation....................................................................................................................................... 90
H-Bridge ICs ....................................................................................................................
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v
Nội dung
??
Về các tác giả ........................................... .................................................. ... xix
??
Về các biện kỹ thuật ........................................ ................................... xxi
??
Lời cảm ơn ........... .................................................. ................................. xxii
??
Giới thiệu XXIV
??
Chương 1: Khái niệm cơ bản .......................................... .................................................. . 1
Điện 2
Điện Tương tự
3
vấn đề cơ bản Điện 4
Mạch 6
đo lường
7
Multi-Meters 7
đo lường
8
Đo Cường Độ Dòng Điện
9
Đo dung
9
đo kháng
10
Tính toán điện trở điện Sử dụng định luật Ohm ........................................... ..........................................
... 11
Oscilloscope 12
Tải trọng 13
Connections Điện
14
Electronics 16 www.it-ebooks.info ?? NỘI DUNG vi mạch tích hợp 17 Thông qua-lỗ 18 Arduino 20 Arduino Biến thể 20 Arduino IDE 23 Các 26 Xây dựng Thiết kế 35 Schematics 36 Prototyping 40 Xây dựng một Robot 4 6 Phần cứng 48 Work Area 48 Tóm tắt 2: Arduino cho Robotics ............................................. .............................. 51 interfacing Arduino 51 Relays 58 Giao diện một động cơ-Controller 65 điều 68 Tethered Control (có dây) 68 Infrared Control (IR) 68 Hệ thống Radio Control 69 Sensor 72 Liên hệ 72 Khoảng cách và Reflection Sensing 73 www.it-ebooks.info ?? LỤC vii Orientation (Định vị) 76 Non-Autonomous Cảm biến 79 Tóm tắt 3: Hãy Get Moving ............................................. ..................................... 83 Electric DC Motor (Permanent Magnet Loại) ........................................... ............................................ .84 Brushless 84 Stepper Motors 85 bánh Motors 86 Servo Motors 86 tuyến tính thiết bị truyền động 87 Tính toán 87 Lái xe 88 Tìm Motor Right 88 Các một phanh 90 H-Bridge IC
Nội dung
??
Về các tác giả ........................................... .................................................. ... xix
??
Về các biện kỹ thuật ........................................ ................................... xxi
??
Lời cảm ơn ........... .................................................. ................................. xxii
??
Giới thiệu XXIV
??
Chương 1: Khái niệm cơ bản .......................................... .................................................. . 1
Điện 2
Điện Tương tự
3
vấn đề cơ bản Điện 4
Mạch 6
đo lường
7
Multi-Meters 7
đo lường
8
Đo Cường Độ Dòng Điện
9
Đo dung
9
đo kháng
10
Tính toán điện trở điện Sử dụng định luật Ohm ........................................... ..........................................
... 11
Oscilloscope 12
Tải trọng 13
Connections Điện
14
Electronics 16 www.it-ebooks.info ?? NỘI DUNG vi mạch tích hợp 17 Thông qua-lỗ 18 Arduino 20 Arduino Biến thể 20 Arduino IDE 23 Các 26 Xây dựng Thiết kế 35 Schematics 36 Prototyping 40 Xây dựng một Robot 4 6 Phần cứng 48 Work Area 48 Tóm tắt 2: Arduino cho Robotics ............................................. .............................. 51 interfacing Arduino 51 Relays 58 Giao diện một động cơ-Controller 65 điều 68 Tethered Control (có dây) 68 Infrared Control (IR) 68 Hệ thống Radio Control 69 Sensor 72 Liên hệ 72 Khoảng cách và Reflection Sensing 73 www.it-ebooks.info ?? LỤC vii Orientation (Định vị) 76 Non-Autonomous Cảm biến 79 Tóm tắt 3: Hãy Get Moving ............................................. ..................................... 83 Electric DC Motor (Permanent Magnet Loại) ........................................... ............................................ .84 Brushless 84 Stepper Motors 85 bánh Motors 86 Servo Motors 86 tuyến tính thiết bị truyền động 87 Tính toán 87 Lái xe 88 Tìm Motor Right 88 Các một phanh 90 H-Bridge IC
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