The present study has been prompted by limited, but somewhat contradictory, findings about the
influence of bilingualism on the development of high-order cognitive functions, one of which is
creativity (Bialystok, 2009; Ricciardelli, 1992a; Simonton, 2008). Although several decades ago
there was consensus regarding the negative influence of bilingualism on children’s mental and
cognitive development (Genesee, 2009), at present there is near consensus regarding the positive
impact of bilingualism (especially of balanced bilingualism) on children’s cognitive, linguistic, and
academic growth (Bialystok, 2001; Cummins, 2000; Simonton, 2008). The present study aims to examine the influence of early bilingualism and bilingual education on the development of creativity
in solving nonmathematical and mathematical problems.There is no evidence that bilingualism affects intelligence, but there is abundant, albeit controversial,
evidence of negative, positive, or neutral influence of bilingualism on the development of different
specific cognitive abilities and processes, including different forms of creativity (Bialystok, 2005;
Ricciardelli, 1992a; Simonton, 2008).
we describe three discoveries that we
believe reveal the reasons for the recent enthusiasm
about research on bilingualism. The first is that both of
the bilingual’s languages are always activeThe parallel
activity of the bilingual’s two languages can be observed
in reading, listening to speech, and preparing to speak
one language alone (e.g., Dijkstra, 2005; Kroll, Bobb, &
Wodniecka, 2006; Marian & Spivey, 2003).. The second discovery is that the
language system is highly adaptive. Being bilingual is not
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