Speaking is one of the four language skills (reading, writing, listening andspeaking). It is the means through which learners can communicate with others toachieve certain goals or to express their opinions, intentions, hopes andviewpoints. In addition, people who know a language are referred to as ‘speakers’of that language. Furthermore, in almost any setting, speaking is the most 14frequently used language skill. As Rivers (1981) argues, speaking is used twice asmuch as reading and writing in our communication.Speaking has usually been compared to writing, both being considered"productive skills", as opposed to the "receptive skills" of reading and listening.Speaking also is closely related to listening as two interrelated ways ofaccomplishing communication. Every speaker is simultaneously a listener andevery listener is at least potentially a speaker (Oprandy, 1994: 153 & EL Menoufy,1997: 9).Speaking has been classified to monologue and dialogue. The formerfocuses on giving an interrupted oral presentation and the latter on interacting withother speakers (Nunan.1989: 27). Speaking can also serve one of two mainfunctions: transactional (transfer of information) and interactional (maintenance ofsocial relationships) (Brown and Yule, 1983: 3)
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