In addition to simply sending, receiving, and storing mail, mail servers can do the following:● Intercept or filter unsolicited e-mail, known as spam.● Find objectionable content in e-mails and do something about that content, such asflagging it to make the recipient aware of it.● Route messages according to particular rules. For example, if a technical supportrepresentative has not opened a customer’s message within 15 minutes of delivery, amail server could automatically forward the message to a supervisor.● Provide a Web-based client for checking e-mail.● Notify administrators or users if certain events occur, such as a user’s mailboxexceeding its maximum amount of space on a server.● Schedule e-mail transmission, retrieval, storage, and maintenance functions.● Communicate with mail servers on other networks so that mail can be exchangedbetween users who do not connect to the same LAN.To supply these services, a mail server runs specialized mail server software, examples ofwhich include Sendmail and Microsoft Exchange Server. Because of their critical nature andheavy use, maintaining a mail server in any sizable organization requires a significant commitment of technical support and administration resources.Internet ServicesYou have probably connected to the Internet without knowing or caring about all of the services running behind the scenes. But in fact, many servers are working together to bring Webpages to your desktop. For example, aWeb serveris a computer installed with the appropriate software to supply Web pages to many different clients upon demand. The most popularWeb server software is Apache. It’s used to deliver more than 60 percent of Web pages onthe Internet.Supplying Web pages is only one type of Internet service. OtherInternet services include filetransfer capabilities, Internet addressing schemes, security filters, and a means for directlylogging on to other computers on the Internet.Management ServicesWhen networks were small and simple, a single network administrator could manage theentire network. For instance, suppose a user called to report a problem logging on to the network and that the administrator diagnosed the problem as an addressing conflict (that is, twoworkstations having the same network address). In a very small network, the conflictingworkstations might be located right around the corner from each other, and one addresscould be changed quickly. In another example, if a manager needed to report the number ofcopies of Adobe Photoshop in use in a certain department, the network administrator couldprobably get the desired information by just walking through the department and checkingthe various workstations.As networks grow larger and more complex, however, they become more difficult to manage.Using network management services can help you keep track of a large network. Networkmanagement servicescentrally administer management tasks on the network, such as ensuringthat no more than 20 workstations are using Adobe Photoshop at one time in an organization
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