THE BASIC TASTES: FROM SEVEN TO FOUR TO FIVE AND POSSIBLY MANY MOREFor many centuries, it was customary in the Western world to accept the ancient Greek view, originating with Aristotle, that there were seven basic tastes: sour, sweet, salty, bitter, astringent (causing dryness), pun¬gent (or spicy), and harsh. Over time, people came to the conclusion that there were actually no more than four true basic tastes; namely, the first four on this list. But it was only in the course of the twentieth century that a clear distinction was drawn between sour, sweet, salty, and bitter as genuine tastes and the other three as mechanical or chemical effects caused by substances in the food that damage the cells on the tongue or in the mouth.
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